Famous Serial Killers Crimes

A serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more people, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them.^[1]^[2] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines serial killing as 'a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone'.^[2]^[3]

Famous Serial Killers And Their Crimes
Famous Serial Killer From Kansas

Identified serial killers[edit]

Known as “The Co-ed Killer”, Edmund Kemper is an American serial killer and necrophile who carried out a series of brutal murders in California in the 1970s. He murdered his grandparents when he was 15 years old then later killed and dismembered six female hitchhikers in the Santa Cruz area. Aileen Wuornos is seen as one of the most famous American serial killers of all time. She was born in Rochester, Michigan, and was sexually abused and kicked out of her own home as a teenager. For a while, she made a living as a prostitute, before brutally murdering a man who picked her up in 1989. Bundy is easily one of the most deranged serial killers (not to mention kidnappers, rapists, burglars, and necrophiles) of all time. His sick modus operandi included kidnapping his female victims, raping them, and them dismembering them. Ted Bundy is probably the most notorious serial killer of the 20th century. Though he admitted to killing 36 women, it's speculated that the actual number of victims is much higher. Bundy graduated from the University of Washington in 1972. Most people are fascinated by serial killers despite the horrific nature of their crimes. Take this quiz to find out which famous serial killer is most similar to you- though we hope this doesn’t inspire you to emulate them! According to history, Jeffrey Dahmer is one of the scariest serial killers in the United States. In thirteen years, Dahmer killed 17 boys and men. However he didn’t just kill them; these murders included rape, necrophilia, dismemberment and cannibalism. The police discovered something very disturbing in his apartment.

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Status	Notes	Ref
Edward J. Adams	1920–1921	7	7	Killed by police during shootout	Criminal who murdered seven people, including three policemen	^[4]
Rodney Alcala	1971–1979	8	50–130	Sentenced to death	Sometimes called the 'Dating Game Killer' because of his 1978 appearance on the television show The Dating Game in the midst of his murder spree	^[5]
Howard Allen	1974–1987	3	3	Incarcerated for 60 years	Death Sentence Commuted	^[6]^[7]
Quincy Allen	2002	4	4	Sentenced to death	^[8]
Richard Angelo	1987	4	10	Sentenced to 50 years to life in prison	Long Island male nurse who poisoned patients in his care.	^[9]
William Dale Archerd	1947–1966	3	6	Died in prison	First person convicted of using insulin as a murder weapon	^[10]
Benjamin Atkins	1991–1992	11	11	Died in prison	Also known as the 'Woodward Corridor Killer'	^[11]
Joe Ball	1936–1938	2	20	Committed suicide to avoid apprehension	Known as the 'Alligator Man'	^[12]
Danny Barber	1978–1980	4	4	Executed 1999	^[13]
Velma Barfield	1971–1978	1	6	Executed 1984	Barfield was the first woman in the United States to be executed after the 1976 resumption of capital punishment and the first since 1962. She was also the first woman to be executed by lethal injection.	^[14]
Cesar Barone	1991–1993	4	4+	Died in prison before he could be executed	Killed four women around the Portland area	^[15]
Herb Baumeister	1980–1996	11	20	Committed suicide while a fugitive	Responsible for murdering at least 11 victims who were found buried on his property	^[16]
Martha Beck	1947–1949	3	20	Executed 1951	Along with accomplice Raymond Fernandez, became known as the 'Lonely Hearts Killers'	^[17]
Bender Family	1869–1872	11	11+	Unknown	Family of serial killers who lived and operated in Labette County, Kansas
Robert Berdella	1984–1987	6	6+	Died in prison	^[18]
David Berkowitz	1976–1977	6	6	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Also known as the 'Son of Sam'	^[19]
Kenneth Bianchi	1977–1978	12	12	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Along with accomplice Angelo Buono Jr., known as the 'Hillside Stranglers'	^[20]
Richard Biegenwald	1958–1983	6	11	Died in prison	^[21]
Jake Bird	1930–1947	2	46	Executed 1949	Sentenced to death for the murders of two people; confessed to 44 other murders	^[22]
Arthur Gary Bishop	1979–1983	5	5	Executed 1988	^[23]
Lawrence Bittaker	1979	5	5	Sentenced to death	With accomplice Roy Norris known as the 'Tool Box Killers'	^[24]
John Bittrolff	1993	2	4+	Sentenced to 25 years to life	Suspect in Long Island serial killer case	^[25]
Terry Blair	1982–2004	7	9	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Sentenced 25 years imprisonment for one murder, released on parole after serving 21 years and committed additional murders upon release	^[26]
Morris Bolber	1930s–1938	114	114	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Russian immigrant; member of the Philadelphia poison ring	^[27]
William Bonin	1979–1980	21	36+	Executed 1996	Known as the 'Freeway Killer'; was known to murder with several accomplices	^[28]
Dallen Bounds	1999	4	4+	Committed suicide to avoid apprehension	^[29]^[30]
Gary Ray Bowles	1994	6	25	Executed 2019	Targeted gay men in Florida, Georgia and Maryland	^[31]
William Bradford	1984	2	28+	Died in prison awaiting execution	Suspected of more murders due to his modus operandi of taking photographs of his victims	^[32]^[33]
Charlie Brandt	1971–2004	3	6+	Committed suicide to avoid apprehension	^[34]
Robert Eugene Brashers	1990–1998	3	3+	Committed suicide before he could be arrested	Known as 'Mister Maroon'	^[35]
Briley Brothers	1979	11	20	Executed 1984 & 1985	Three brothers and an accomplice responsible for 11 murders	^[36]
Debra Denise Brown	1984	8	8	Sentenced to death, commuted to life imprisonment	Accomplice of Alton Coleman	^[37]
Robert Charles Browne	1970–1995	2	2+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Missionary convicted for two murders; confessed to murdering 49 women	^[38]
Jerry Brudos	1968–1969	4	4+	Died in prison	Known as the 'Lust Killer' and 'Shoe Fetish Slayer'	^[39]
Robert Anthony Buell	1981–1983	2	3+	Executed 2002	^[40]
Judy Buenoano	1971–1983	3	3+	Executed 1998	Caught in 1983 after poisoning and car bombing a fiancée	^[41]
Thomas Bunday	1979–1981	5	6	Died in an intentional motorcycle crash	Never arrested, as he was released after interrogation on a technicality	^[42]
Carol M. Bundy	1980	7	7	Died in prison	With accomplice Doug Clark, known as the 'Sunset Strip Killers'	^[43]
Ted Bundy	1961–1978	28	30+	Executed 1989	^[44]
Angelo Buono Jr.	1977–1978	9	10	Died in prison	Along with accomplice Kenneth Bianchi, known as the 'Hillside Stranglers'	^[45]
Eugene Butler	1900–1906	6	6	Died in North Dakota State Hospital	Crimes discovered two years after his death	^[46]
Patty Cannon	1802–1829	4	25+	Died in prison awaiting trial	Gang leader who kidnapped slaves and free blacks to either sell or torture them	^[47]
Ricardo Caputo	1971–1977	4	6	Died in prison	^[48]
Harvey Carignan	1949–1974	2	5+	Incarcerated 150 years	Known as the 'Want-Ad Killer'; escaped hanging for a 1949 killing on a technicality	^[49]
David Carpenter	1979–1981	7	10+	Sentenced to death	Also known as the 'Trailside Killer'	^[50]
Thomas D. Carr	1860s–1869	1	15	Executed 1870	First legal execution in Belmont County, Ohio	^[51]
Michael Bear Carson	1981–1983	3	12	Sentenced to 75 years to life	^[7]
Suzan Carson	1981–1983	3	12	Sentenced to 75 years to life	^[52]
Steven David Catlin	1976–1984	3	3	Sentenced to death	^[53]
Richard Chase	1977–1978	6	6	Committed suicide awaiting execution	Known as the 'Vampire of Sacramento'	^[54]
Thor Nis Christiansen	1976–1979	4	4	Murdered in prison by unknown assailant	^[55]^[56]
Joseph Christopher	1980–1981	12	12+	Died in prison	Known as the 'Midtown Slasher'	^[57]
Doug Clark	1980	7	7	Sentenced to death	With accomplice Carol M. Bundy, known as the 'Sunset Strip Killers'	^[58]
Hadden Clark	1986–1992	2	2+	Sentenced to 70 years	Cannibal convicted of two murders; confessed to many more	^[59]
Ronald E. Clark	1967	2	9	Died in prison	^[21]
Mary Clement	1880–1885	4	4	Released in 1886	Luxembourgish immigrant who poisoned her family members with arsenic	^[60]
Alfred Leonard Cline	1930–1945	9	11	Died in prison	Murdered his wives with poisoned buttermilk after persuading them to will their possessions to his name.	^[61]
Cynthia Coffman	1986	4	4	Sentenced to death	Kidnapped four women by ATMs before accomplice strangled them	^[62]
Carroll Cole	1948–1980	16	35	Executed 1985	^[63]
Alton Coleman	1984	8	8	Executed 2002	Multi-state killer who along with his accomplice murdered a man and injured another, murdered four women and three young girls, and raped a young girl	^[37]
Rory Enrique Conde	1994–1995	6	6	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Tamiami Trail Strangler'	^[64]
Anthony Cook	1973–1981	9	9+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Committed crimes with his brother Nathaniel Cook	^[65]
Nathaniel Cook	1973–1981	9	9+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Committed crimes with his brother Anthony Cook	^[65]
Jessie Lee Cooks	1973–1974	15	73+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Part of the 'Death Angels' cult responsible for the Zebra murders	^[66]
Faye Copeland	1986–1989	5	12	Died in prison awaiting execution	Along with her husband, Ray Copeland, the oldest couple ever sentenced to death in the United States	^[67]^[68]^[69]^[70]^[71]
Ray Copeland	1986–1989	5	12	Died in prison awaiting execution	Along with his wife, Faye Copeland, the oldest couple ever sentenced to death in the United States	^[67]^[68]^[69]^[70]^[71]
Dean Corll	1970–1973	28	28+	Killed by accomplice Elmer Wayne Henley	Crimes referred to as the 'Houston Mass Murders'	^[72]
Juan Corona	1971	25	25+	Sentenced to life imprisonment. Died in prison in 2019.	Majority of victims had been transient workers	^[73]^[74]
Daniel Lee Corwin	1987	3	3	Executed 1998	Abducted and killed three women around Texas	^[75]
Tony Costa	1968–1969	4	8	Committed Suicide in prison	^[76]
Richard Cottingham	1967–1980	6	85–100	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known variously as the 'Butcher of Times Square', the 'Torso Killer', the 'New York (city) Ripper', and the 'Times Square Torso Ripper'	^[77]^[78]^[79]
Juan Covington	1998–2005	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[80]
Scott William Cox	1980s–1990	2	20+	Granted parole in 2013	^[81]
Andre Crawford	1993–1999	11	11	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[82]
Mary Frances Creighton	1920–1935	1	4	Executed by electric chair	Poisoned her lover's wife; suspected of poisoning her mother in-law, father in-law, and younger brother	^[83]
Charles Cullen	1988–2003	10	40+	Incarcerated 127 years	A nurse in New Jersey and Pennsylvania	^[84]
Andrew Cunanan	1997	5	5	Committed suicide while a fugitive	^[85]
Jeffrey Dahmer	1978–1991	17	17	Murdered by inmate Christopher Scarver	Milwaukee cannibal who retained various body parts of his victims	^[86]
Mike DeBardeleben	1965–1983	0	8	Died from pneumonia in prison	Also known as the 'Mall Passer'; convicted rapist and counterfeiter who kidnapped, raped, and tortured numerous women. Although never convicted of murder, Debardeleben is suspected to be behind the killings of at least 8 women.	^[87]
Samuel Dieteman	2005–2006	8	8	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Accomplice Dale Hausner committed suicide in prison	^[88]
Thomas Dillon	1989–1992	5	5+	Died While Incarcerated	^[89]
Westley Allan Dodd	1989	3	3	Executed 1993	^[90]
Ronald Dominique	1997–2006	8	23+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[91]
Nannie Doss	1927–1954	8	11	Died in prison	Known as the 'Giggling Granny' and the 'Jolly Black Widow'	^[92]
Brian Dugan	1983–1985	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[93]
Joseph E. Duncan III	1996–2005	5	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Raped at least 17 young boys and three young girls	^[94]^[95]
Paul Durousseau	1997–2003	9	9+	Sentenced to death (overturned on January 31, 2017; awaiting resentencing)	German authorities suspect Durousseau may have killed several local women when he was stationed there with the Army during the early 1990s.	^[96]
Dale Wayne Eaton	1988, 2001 (known) c. 1983-1996 (suspected)	2	11+	Sentenced to death (overturned - awaiting resentencing hearing)	Eaton perpetrated the 1988 kidnapping, rape, and murder of 18-year-old Lisa Kimmell, a crime that went unsolved for 14 years. In 2004, he was convicted of Kimmell's murder and sentenced to death. Eaton's death sentence was overturned in 2014 and he is currently awaiting a new sentencing hearing. Although he has not been charged, Eaton is also suspected of being behind the killings of numerous women between 1983 and 1996, known as the 'Great Basin Murders'. In addition to Kimmell's murder, Eaton was also convicted for beating his cellmate to death in 2001 while incarcerated in federal prison on unrelated charges.	^[97]
Edward Edwards	1977–1996	5	15	Died in prison awaiting execution	Sentenced to death for shooting his foster son in 1996 insurance murder	^[98]^[99]
Mack Ray Edwards	1953–1970	3	18	Committed suicide awaiting execution	^[100]^[101]
Walter E. Ellis	1986–2007	7	7	Died in prison	Known as the 'Milwaukee North Side Strangler'	^[102]
Scott Erskine	1989–1993	3	3+	Sentenced to death	^[103]^[104]
Felipe Espinosa	1863	32	32	Killed by Tom Tobin
Donald Leroy Evans	1985–1991	3	70	Died in prison; murdered by a fellow death row inmate	Suspected of another dozen murders but recanted his confessions to over 70 more	^[105]
Gary Evans	1985–1997	5	5	Committed suicide to avoid apprehension	^[106]
Richard Evonitz	1996–1997	3	3+	Committed Suicide to avoid apprehension	^[107]
Larry Eyler	1982–1984	2	24	Died in prison awaiting execution	Known as the 'Interstate Killer'	^[108]
Christine Falling	1980–1982	6	6	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Epileptic who strangled infants because of voices in her head	^[109]
Neal Falls	?–2015?	0	10+	Killed by intended victim	Suspected of killing up to 10 women before being killed in self defense.	^[110]
Maria Carina Favato	1930s–1938	114	114	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Italian immigrant; member of the Philadelphia poison ring	^[27]
Carl Feigenbaum	1888–1894	1	13+	Executed 1896	German sailor who murdered his landlord in 1894; allegedly responsible for murders in other countries, also suspect in the Jack the Ripper case.	^[111]
Raymond Fernandez	1947–1949	3	20	Executed 1951	Along with accomplice Martha Beck, became known as the 'Lonely Hearts Killers'	^[17]
Albert Fish	1924–1932	3	8+	Executed 1936	Also known as the 'Werewolf of Wysteria'. A sadist and pedophile who cannibalized several children.	^[112]
Lavinia Fisher	?–1819?	0	Numerous	Executed 1820	Along with her husband John was a member of a highway gang; allegedly killed travelers visiting her inn.	^[113]
Wayne Adam Ford	1997–1998	4	4+	Sentenced to death	^[114]^[115]
Bobby Jack Fowler	1973–1996	1	20	Died in prison	Convicted of one murder, suspected of up to 20 more.	^[116]
Kendall Francois	1996–1998	8	10+	Died in prison	^[118]
Joseph Paul Franklin	1977–1980	11	22	Executed 2013	Also attempted to assassinate Larry Flynt and Vernon Jordan	^[119]
Lonnie David Franklin Jr.	1985–2007	10	25+	Sentenced to death	Known as 'Grim Sleeper'; charged after DNA evidence linked him with ten murders in Los Angeles since 1985	^[120]
John Wayne Gacy	1972–1978	33	33+	Executed 1994	Known as the 'Killer Clown'	^[121]^[122]
Gerald Gallego	1978–1980	10	10	Died awaiting execution	Accomplice Charlene Gallego released 1997	^[123]
Michael Gargiulo	1993–2008	3	10	Awaiting capital murder trial	^[124]
Carlton Gary	1977–1978	7	7+	Executed 2018	^[125]
Donald Henry Gaskins	1953–1982	9	100+	Executed 1991	Convicted of nine murders; claimed to an author to have killed more than 100	^[126]
Robin Gecht	1981–1982	18	18	Incarcerated for 120 years	Member of the satanic cult and organized crime group known as Ripper Crew or Chicago Rippers	^[127]
Ed Gein	1954–1957	2	7	Died while incarcerated at Mendota Mental Health Institute	Known as the 'Plainfield Ghoul'. Gein's life and crimes have inspired, at least in part, the novels/films, Psycho and The Silence of the Lambs, and the 1974 movie, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.	^[129]^[130]
Hubert Geralds	1994–1995	5	5	Sentenced to death; commuted to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Englewood Strangler'	^[131]
John Arthur Getreu	1963–1974	1	3+	Sentenced to 10 years in prison (1963)	Convicted of one murder in 1963, currently being investigated for possible crimes, prior to being identified as a suspect through GEDmatch in 1973 and 74 murders	^[132]
Janie Lou Gibbs	1966–1967	5	5	Died in prison	^[133]
Mose Gibson	1908–1920	3	7+	Executed 1920	Guilt has been questioned	^[134]
William Clyde Gibson	2002–2012	3	3+	Sentenced to death	^[135]
Bertha Gifford	1900–1928	3	17	Died in Missouri State Hospital #4	Found not guilty by reason of insanity	^[136]
Kristen Gilbert	1989–1996	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Induced cardiac arrest in patients and would then respond to the coded emergency, often resuscitating the patients herself	^[137]
Amy Archer-Gilligan	1910–1917	10	50	Died in Connecticut Hospital for the Insane	Poisoned a husband and residents of her nursing home	^[138]
Sean Vincent Gillis	1994–2004	8	8	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[139]^[140]
Lorenzo Gilyard	1977–1993	12	13	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Kansas City Strangler'	^[141]
Harvey Glatman	1957–1958	3	4	Executed 1959	Known as the 'Lonely Hearts Killer'; lured women to pose for 'bondage photographs'
Billy Glaze	1986–1987	3	20+	Died in prison	Guilt has come into question by the discovery of DNA evidence excluding Glaze and implicating another man	^[142]
Billy Gohl	1902–1910	2	100+	Died in prison	Union official linked with the disappearances of over 40 sailors in Aberdeen, Washington in the early 20th century	^[7]
David Alan Gore	1981–1983	6	6	Executed 2012	One of the pair known as the 'Killing Cousins'	^[144]
Mark Goudeau	2005–2006	9	9	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Baseline Killer'	^[145]
Gwendolyn Graham	1987	5	6	Accomplice of Cathy Wood; sentenced to life imprisonment	^[146]^[147]
Harrison Graham	1986–1987	7	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[148]
Shawn Grate	2005–2016	2	5	Sentenced to death	^[149]^[150]
Dana Sue Gray	1994	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Preyed on elderly women, murdering three; caught after a fourth intended victim survived and identified her	^[151]
Marvin Gray	1971–1992	3	41	Died in prison	Most dangerous prisoner in Colorado until his death; confessed to the murders of 41 people across 8 different states	^[152]
Ronald Gray	1986–1987	4	4	Sentenced to death	^[153]
Larry Green	1973–1974	15	73+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Part of the 'Death Angels' cult responsible for the Zebra murders	^[66]
Ricky Lee Green	1985–1986	4	12	Executed 1997	Bisexual drifter; his wife helped in two of the murders	^[154]
Samuel Green	1817–1821	2	2+	Executed 1822	^[155]
Vaughn Greenwood	1964–1975	11	11	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Skid Row Slasher'	^[156]
Belle Gunness	1900–1908	25	40	Unknown	Norwegian-born murder-for-profit killer who killed her suitors and children	^[157]
Anna Marie Hahn	1933–1937	5	5	Executed 1938	German-born murder-for-profit killer who poisoned five elderly men
Lizzie Halliday	1890s	4	7	Died in Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane	First woman sentenced to be executed by the electric chair	^[158]
William Henry Hance	1977–1978	4	4	Executed 1994	Known as the 'Forces of Evil'
Robert Hansen	1971–1983	17	21+	Died in prison	Known as the 'Butcher Baker'	^[159]
Harpe brothers	1797–1804	39	50+	Murdered/executed	Brothers or cousins; America's first known serial killers	^[160]
Donald Harvey	1970–1987	37	80	Died in prison, killed by inmate James Elliott	Known as the 'Angel of Death'	^[161]
Charles Ray Hatcher	1969–1982	2	16	Committed suicide in prison	Convicted of two child murders in 1978 and 1982, also stabbed to death a fellow inmate and another man 20 years apart	^[162]
Dale Hausner	2006	8	8	Committed suicide in prison	Convicted of killing people in random drive-by shootings	^[163]
Harry T. Hayward	1894	1	4	Executed 1895	^[164]
Linda Hazzard	1908–1911	1	13	Served 2 years	Died in 1938	^[165]
William Heirens	1945–1946	3	3	Died in prison	Known as the 'Lipstick Killer'	^[166]
Boone Helm	1850–1864	11	11+	Executed 1864	Known as the 'Kentucky Cannibal'	^[167]^[168]
Elmer Wayne Henley	1970–1973	6	6	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Crimes referred to as the 'Houston Mass Murders'	^[72]^[169]
Francis Hermann	1890–1896	2	8	Unknown	Known as the 'Priestly Butcher'; English-born pastor who murdered female church-goers, ex-wives and two of his children	^[170]
Loren Herzog	1984–1999	3	19	Committed suicide awaiting parole release	Along with accompliace Wesley Shermantine known as the 'Speed Freak Killers'	^[171]
J. Frank Hickey	1883–1911	3	3	Died in prison	Known as the 'Postcard Killer'	^[172]
Audrey Marie Hilley	1975–1980	1	4	Died in prison	Poisoned her husband; suspected of poisoning her mother, mother-in-law and a child she was looking after	^[173]
Johann Otto Hoch	1890–1905	1	50+	Executed 1906	Known as the 'Stockyard Bluebeard'
H. H. Holmes	1891–1894	9	27+	Executed 1896	Convicted of only one murder, but definitively tied to at least eight more. Confessed to a total of 27	^[174]^[175]
William Devin Howell	2003	7	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Convicted of killing 7 people in 2003. Believed to be the most prolific serial killer in Connecticut history.	^[176]^[177]
Waneta Hoyt	1965–1971	5	5	Died in prison	Exonerated under New York law because she died before her appeal	^[178]
Michael Hughes	1986–1993	7	7+	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Southside Slayer'	^[179]
Leslie Irvin	1954–1955	6	6+	Died in prison	His Supreme Court case set a precedent for fair trials of highly publicized defendants	^[180]
Phillip Carl Jablonski	1978–1991	5	5	Sentenced to death
Keith Hunter Jesperson	1990–1995	8	8+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Happy Face Killer'	^[181]
John Johnson	1843–?	300+	300+	Died 1900	Known as 'Liver-Eating Johnson'; mountain man who allegedly ate the livers of Crows he'd slain	^[182]
Martha Ann Johnson	1977–1982	3	4	Sentenced to death; commuted to life	Georgia woman convicted of smothering to death three of her children between 1977 and 1982	^[183]
Matthew Steven Johnson	2000–2001	3	5	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[184]
Milton Johnson	1983–1984	10	10+	Sentenced to death, commuted to life imprisonment	Victims included two deputy sheriffs	^[52]
Vincent Johnson	1999–2000	5	5	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Brooklyn Strangler'	^[185]
Genene Jones	1977–1982	2	60+	Sentenced to 99 years in prison	Texas pediatric nurse who poisoned infants in her care; was due to be released March 2018; however, prosecutors charged her with two additional murders	^[186]^[187]^[188]^[189]
Syd Jones	1900s–1914	13	13	Executed 1915	^[190]
John Joubert	1982–1983	3	3	Executed 1996	Known as the 'Nebraska Boy Snatcher'	^[191]
Francisco del Junco	1995–1996	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Cuban immigrant who murdered and then burned the bodies of prostitutes in Miami	^[192]
Joseph Kallinger	1974–1975	3	3	Died in prison	Committed these crimes with his 15-year-old son Michael	^[193]
Patrick Kearney	1965–1977	21	43	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[194]
Kelly Family	1887	11	12	Killed by vigilantes	Family of serial killers who killed and robbed wealthy travellers in No Man's Land	^[195]
Edmund Kemper	1964–1973	6	10	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Co-Ed Killer'	^[196]
Israel Keyes	1990s–2012	3	11+	Committed suicide while in custody	3 confirmed victims; linked to 11 victims in 4 states	^[197]
Roger Kibbe	1977–1987	7	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'I-5 Strangler'	^[198]
Scott Lee Kimball	2003–2004	4	5+	70-year sentence	FBI Informant; Proposed as a suspect in the West Mesa murders	^[199]
Sante Kimes	1996–1998	2	3	Died in prison	Criminal who's responsible for numerous crimes committed with her son, Kenneth Jr.	^[200]
Sharon Kinne	1962–1964	3	3	Escaped from prison 1969	^[201]
Anthony Kirkland	1987–2009	5	6	Sentenced to death	^[202]^[203]
Tillie Klimek	1914–1921	5	7	Died in prison	Polish-born Chicago poisoner
Alfred Knapp	1894–1902	5	5+	Executed 1904	Known as the 'Hamilton Strangler'	^[204]
Theresa Knorr	1984–1985	2	3	Sentenced to two life sentences	Her sons, William and Robert Jr., were accomplices	^[205]
Michelle Knotek	1994–2003	2	3	22 years in prison	Tortured and abused boarders in her home with her husband	^[206]
Paul John Knowles	1974	18	35	Killed by police attempting to escape from custody	Known as the 'Casanova Killer'	^[207]^[208]
Todd Kohlhepp	2003–2016	7	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[209]^[210]
Andrew Kokoraleis	1981–1982	18	18	Executed 1999	Member of the satanic cult and organized crime group known as Ripper Crew or Chicago Rippers	^[127]^[211]
Thomas Kokoraleis	1981–1982	18	18	Released March 29, 2019	Member of the satanic cult and organized crime group known as Ripper Crew or Chicago Rippers	^[127]
Randy Kraft	1971–1983	16	67	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Scorecard Killer' and the 'Freeway Killer'	^[212]
Timothy Krajcir	1977–1982	9	9	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[213]
Peter Kudzinowski	1924–1928	3	3	Executed 1929
Richard Kuklinski	1948–1986	5	100–150	Died in prison	Mafia associate known as the 'Iceman'	^[214]
Sheila LaBarre	2004–2006	2	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment without parole	Claimed she was an angel sent by God to punish pedophiles	^[215]
Leonard Lake	1983–1985	11	25	Committed suicide while in custody	Along with accomplice Charles Ng, they are also known as the 'Operation Miranda Killers'. They collected women as sex slaves before killing them. They killed a number of men and children as well.	^[216]^[217]^[218]^[219]^[220]
Delphine LaLaurie	1834	?	?	Died in Paris, France	Tortured and maimed her slaves	^[221]
Adam Leroy Lane	2007	2	2+	Sentenced to 50 years	^[222]^[223]^[224]
Derrick Todd Lee	1992–2003	2	7+	Died in prison awaiting execution	Known as the 'Baton Rouge Serial Killer'; convicted of two murders; linked by DNA evidence to five others	^[225]
Gary Lewingdon	1977–1978	10	10	Died in prison	Together with brother Thaddeus Lewingdon, known as the '.22 Caliber Killers'	^[226]^[227]
Thaddeus Lewingdon	1977–1978	9	9	Died in prison	Together with brother Gary Lewingdon, known as the '.22 Caliber Killers'	^[226]^[228]
Samuel Little	1970–2005	61	93+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Transient who allegedly killed 93 women in 14 states	^[229]
Will Lockett	1912–1920	4	4	Executed 1920	Guilt has been questioned	^[230]
Michael Lee Lockhart	1987–1988	4	6+	Executed 1997	Received death sentences in three states; executed by the state of Texas
Bobby Joe Long	1984	10	10+	Executed 2019	Also known as the 'Classified Ad Rapist'	^[231]
Bill Longley	1869–1878	32	32	Executed 1878	Gunfighter who killed unarmed slaves and Mexicans	^[232]
Henry Lee Lucas	1960–1983	11	200+	Died in prison	Confessed to approximately 3,000 murders, although most of his confessions are considered outlandish	^[233]
Michael Madison	2012–2013	3	3	Sentenced to death	^[234]
Orville Lynn Majors	1993–1995	6	130	Died in prison	^[235]
Lee Boyd Malvo	2002	7	17	Life imprisonment without parole (overturned on May 26, 2017; awaiting resentencing)	With accomplice John Allen Muhammad, perpetrated the D.C. sniper attacks	^[236]
Richard Laurence Marquette	1956–1975	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	First 11th person named on FBI 10 Most Wanted	^[237]
Lee Roy Martin	1967–1968	4	4	Died in prison	Known as the 'Gaffney Strangler'	^[238]^[239]^[240]
Rhonda Belle Martin	1926–1951	1	6	Executed 1957	Alabama woman who poisoned family members
David Mason	1980–1982	5	6	Executed 1993	Killed four elderly neighbours in 1980 and his cellmate in 1982 while imprisoned on lesser charges; suspected of shooting dead his boyfriend	^[241]
Samuel Mason	1797–1803	20	20+	Killed/Died from injuries received during a shoot-out	River pirate associated with the Harpe brothers and other outlaws	^[242]
Jesse Matthew	2009–2014	2	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Believed to have raped, murdered, and sexually assaulted multiple women in Virginia from 2002 to 2014	^[243]
David Edward Maust	1974–2003	5	5	Committed suicide in prison	Convicted of killing five teenage boys; one in Germany in 1974, another in 1981, and three he buried in his basement	^[244]^[245]
Kimberly McCarthy	1997–1998	1	3	Executed 2013	Crack addict who murdered a neighbour; suspect in two similar murders	^[246]
Kenneth McDuff	1966–1992	9	14+	Executed 1998	Known as the 'Broomstick Killer'; death sentence for 1966 triple-murder commuted; killed three days after 1989 parole	^[247]^[248]
Jerry Walter McFadden	1973–1986	4	4	Executed 1999	^[249]
David Meirhofer	1967–1974	4	4	Committed suicide	First serial killer to be apprehended via usage of offender profiling	^[250]
Joe Metheny	1976–1996	5	10	Died in prison	Also known as the 'Cannibal'. Butchered his victims and served them at BBQ at his roadside stand.	^[251]
Henry Lee Moore	1911–1912	2	25	Released 1956	Suspect in the Villisca axe murders; sentenced to life imprisonment for killing his mother and grandmother with an axe, later commuted and released from prison	^[252]
Manuel Moore	1973–1974	15	73+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Part of the 'Death Angels' cult responsible for the Zebra murders	^[66]
Stephen Morin	1969–1981	4	48	Executed 1985	Suspected in over 30 unsolved violent crimes across the country	^[253]
Dontae Morris	2010	5	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment; later changed to the death sentence	Murdered three men in drug-related scandals, as well as two policemen who tried to arrest him; also suspected in the deaths of two other men.	^[254]
Frederick Mors	1914–1915	8	8	Unknown	Committed to Hudson River State Hospital, escaped in May 1916.	^[7]
Winston Moseley	1963–1964	3	3	Died in prison	Necrophile who sexually assaulted and murdered three women, including Kitty Genovese	^[255]
John Allen Muhammad	2002	7	17	Executed 2009	With accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo perpetrated the D.C. sniper attacks	^[256]
Herbert Mullin	1972–1973	11	13	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Eligible for parole in 2021	^[257]
Wayne Nance	1974–1986	0	5+	Killed by intended victim	^[258]^[259]
Joseph Naso	1977–1994	6	10	Sentenced to death	Also a suspect in the Alphabet murders case	^[260]
Alvin Neelley	1982	2	2	Died in prison	Committed murders with wife Judith Neelley	^[261]
Judith Neelley	1982	2	2	Death sentence commuted to life imprisonment	Committed murders with husband Alvin Neelley
Earle Nelson	1926–1927	22	22+	Executed 1928	Known as the 'Gorilla Man'	^[262]
Charles Ng	1983–1985	11	25	Sentenced to death	Along with accomplice Leonard Lake, they are also known as the 'Operation Miranda Killers'. They collected women as sex slaves before killing them. They killed a number of men and children as well.	^[263]^[217]^[218]^[219]^[220]
Robert Nixon	1937–1938	3	5	Executed 1939	Nixon served, in part, as the basis of the character of Bigger Thomas in Richard Wright's 1940 social protest novel Native Son.
Marie Noe	1949–1968	8	8	Sentenced to 20 years probation in 1998	Murdered eight of her children; two others died of natural causes	^[264]
Roy Norris	1979	5	5	Sentenced to 45 years to life	With accomplice Lawrence Bittaker known as 'Tool Box Killers'	^[24]
Gordon Stewart Northcott	1926–1928	3	20	Executed 1930	His mother, Sarah Louise Northcott, was implicated as an accomplice.	^[265]
Diane O'Dell	1982–1985	3	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Murders of her illegitimate infants	^[266]
Carl Panzram	1920–1929	5	22	Executed 1930	murderer, rapist, and arsonist; convicted of two murders; confessed to 19 others	^[267]
Manuel Pardo	1986	9	9	Executed 2012	Former police officer	^[268]
Gerald Parker	1978–1978	6	6	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Bedroom Basher'	^[269]
Louise Peete	1913–1944	3	3+	Executed 1947	Convicted of murdering a man and woman decades apart; four other acquaintances died suspiciously and four husbands committed suicide	^[270]
Steven Brian Pennell	1987–1988	2	5	Executed 1992	Known as the 'Route 40 Killer'	^[271]
Christopher Peterson	1990	4	7	Incarcerated 120 years	Also known as the 'Shotgun Killer'	^[272]
Herman Petrillo	1930s–1938	114	114	Executed 1941	Italian immigrant; leader of the Philadelphia poison ring	^[27]
Paul Petrillo	1930s–1938	114	114	Executed 1941	Italian immigrant; leader of the Philadelphia poison ring	^[27]
Thomas W. Piper	1873–1875	2	2+	Executed 1876	Known as the 'Boston Belfry Murderer'	^[273]
Jesse Pomeroy	1874	2	9	Died in prison	Known as the 'Boy Torturer'	^[274]
Harry Powers	1931	5	5+	Executed 1932	Known as the 'West Virginia Bluebeard'	^[275]
Craig Price	1987–1989	4	4	Incarcerated	Convicted as a minor; scheduled for release in May 2020	^[276]
Cleophus Prince Jr.	1990	6	6	Sentenced to death	Also known as the 'Clairemont Killer'	^[277]
Marion Albert Pruett	1981	5	5	Executed 1999	Committed his crimes while in the United States Federal Witness Protection Program	^[278]
Pleasant Pruitt	1888–1902	3	3	Committed suicide to avoid apprehension	^[279]
Dorothea Puente	1982–1988	9	15	Died in prison	Convicted of three killings; suspected of six others	^[280]
Terri Rachals	1980–1986	6	9	Sentenced to 17 years imprisonment; Released 2003	Former nurse	^[281]
Dennis Rader	1974–1991	10	10	Incarcerated–life imprisonment	Also known as the 'BTK Killer'	^[282]
Richard Ramirez	1984–1985	13	14	Died in prison awaiting execution	Known as the 'Night Stalker'	^[283]
Terry Peder Rasmussen	1978–2002	6	6+	Died in prison	Known as the 'Chameleon Killer'; main suspect in the Bear Brook murders, as well as other murders	^[284]
David Parker Ray	1950s–1999	0	60	Died in prison	Convicted of kidnapping and torture in 2001, but never convicted of murder	^[285]
Melvin Rees	1957–1959	5	9+	Died in prison	Known as the 'Sex Beast'	^[7]
Jack Reeves	1967–1994	4	4	Sentenced to 99 years imprisonment	Killed his three wives after they planned to leave him; also killed a man while stationed in Italy	^[286]
Paul Dennis Reid	1997	7	7	Died in prison awaiting execution	Known as the 'Fast Food Killer'	^[287]
Ángel Maturino Reséndiz	1986–1999	10	16	Executed 2006	Also known as The Railroad Killer/The Railway Killer/The Railcar Killer	^[288]
Robert Ben Rhoades	1975–1990	3	50+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Truck Stop Killer'	^[289]
Stephen Richards	1876–1878	9	9	Executed 1879	Known as the 'Nebraska Fiend'	^[290]
Gary Ridgway	1982–1998	49	90+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Green River Killer'	^[291]
Joel Rifkin	1989–1993	9	17+	Incarcerated for 203 years to life	^[292]
Montie Rissell	1976–1977	5	5	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[52]
James Dale Ritchie	2016	5	5+	Killed by police during apprehension	Known as the 'Anchorage Serial Killer'	^[293]
Alonzo Robinson	1926–1934	2	6	Executed 1935	Grave robber and cannibal convicted of a double murder; also suspected of murdering 4 women	^[294]
Harvey Miguel Robinson	1992–1993	3	3	Sentenced to death	Teenager who stalked, raped and killed	^[295]
John Edward Robinson	1984–1999	3	8+	Sentenced to death	Sometimes referred to as 'the Internet's first serial killer'	^[296]
Sarah Jane Robinson	1881–1886	8	11	Died in prison	Known as the 'Boston Borgia'	^[297]
Robert Neal Rodriguez	1984–1992	3	3	Committed suicide while a fugitive	Former police officer	^[298]
Dayton Leroy Rogers	1983–1987	7	8+	Sentenced to death	^[299]
Glen Edward Rogers	1993–1995	4	5	Sentenced to death	Death sentence currently under appeal	^[300]
Danny Rolling	1989–1990	8	8	Executed 2006	Pleaded guilty to murdering five students	^[301]
Michael Bruce Ross	1981–1984	8	8+	Executed 2005	^[302]
Robert Rozier	1981–1986	4	7	Serving 25 years to life on a conviction for check kiting under a third strike law	Former NFL player; sentenced to 22 years for murder after agreeing to testify against Yahweh ben Yahweh's organization	^[303]
Edward H. Rulloff	1844–1870	3	5	Executed 1871	Known as the 'Genius Killer'	^[304]^[305]
Olga Rutterschmidt	1999–2005	2	2	Sentenced to life imprisonment without parole	Killed vagrants with her partner-in-crime, Helen Golay	^[306]
Kimberly Clark Saenz	2008	5	10+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Killed five patients by injecting bleach into their dialysis lines	.^[307]
Efren Saldivar	1988–1998	6	50+	Sentenced to life imprisonment
Altemio Sanchez	1990–2006	3	3+	Incarcerated, 75 years to life	Known as the 'Bike Path Rapist'; responsible for three murders and numerous rapes spanning a 25-year period in Buffalo, New York	^[308]^[309]^[310]
Anthony Santo	1908	3	3	Supposedly died while incarcerated at Taunton Lunatic Asylum	Juvenile who murdered two cousins and a girl during 'mad spells'	^[311]
Gerard John Schaefer	1969–1973	2	34	Murdered in prison by fellow inmate Vincent Rivera	Former police officer	^[312]
Charles Schmid	1964	3	4	Murdered in prison by unknown assailants	Also known as the 'Pied Piper of Tucson'	^[313]
Helmuth Schmidt	1913–1917	1	4+	Committed suicide in prison	Known as the 'American Bluebeard'	^[314]
Heriberto Seda	1990–1993	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	New York City copycat of the 'Zodiac Killer'	^[315]
Juan Segundo	1986–1995	4	7+	Sentenced to death	^[316]
Sean Sellers	1985–1986	3	3	Executed 1999	One of 22 persons in the United States since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976 to be executed for a crime committed while under the age of 18, and the lone to have been executed for crime committed under the age of 17	^[317]
Tommy Lynn Sells	1980–1999	6	22+	Executed 2014	Confessed to murdering dozens of people, possibly in excess of 70, only six are confirmed	^[318]^[319]
Arthur Shawcross	1972–1989	12	14	Died in prison	Also known as the 'Genesee River Killer'	^[320]
Lydia Sherman	1863–1877	12	12	Died in prison	^[321]
Wesley Shermantine	1984–1999	4	19	Sentenced to death	Along with accompliace Loren Herzog known as the 'Speed Freak Killers'	^[322]
Anthony Allen Shore	1986–1995	4	4+	Executed 2018	Also known as the 'Tourniquet Killer';	^[323]
Robert Shulman	1991–1996	5	5	Died in prison	^[325]
Daniel Lee Siebert	1979–1986	10	13	Died in prison	Killed nine people across America in three months	^[326]
Robert Joseph Silveria Jr.	1981–1996	9	14+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Boxcar Killer', alleged member of Freight Train Riders of America	^[328]^[329]
J.C.X. Simon	1973–1974	15	73+	Died in prison	Part of the 'Death Angels' cult responsible for the Zebra murders	^[66]
Charles T. Sinclair	1980–1990	13	13+	Died in prison	Known as the 'Coin Shop Killer'	^[330]
Lemuel Smith	1958–1981	5	6	Sentenced to death; commuted to life	^[331]
Morris Solomon Jr.	1986–1987	6	7	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Sacramento Slayer'	^[332]
Lyda Southard	1915–1920	6	6	Released in 1941	Known as 'Flypaper Lyda'; serial poisoner who killed four husbands, a young daughter and a brother-in-law	^[333]
Anthony Sowell	2007–2009	11	11	Sentenced to death	Also known as the 'Cleveland Strangler' and the 'Imperial Avenue Murderer'	^[334]
Timothy Wilson Spencer	1984–1988	5	5	Executed 1994	Known as the 'Southside Strangler'	^[335]
Jack Owen Spillman	1994–1995	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Werewolf Butcher'	^[336]
Edward Spreitzer	1981–1982	18	18	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Member of the satanic cult and organized crime group known as Ripper Crew or Chicago Rippers	^[127]
Roger Dale Stafford	1974–1978	9	34	Executed 1995	His wife implicated in 34 different murders in seven different states	^[337]
Gerald Stano	1969–1980	22	41+	Executed 1998	Guilt has been questioned	^[338]
Cary Stayner	1999	4	4	Sentenced to death	^[339]^[340]
Paul Michael Stephani	1980–1982	3	3	Died in prison	Known as the 'Weepy-Voiced Killer'	^[341]^[342]
William Suff	1974–1992	12	22	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Riverside Prostitute Killer'	^[343]
Michael Swango	1981–1997	4	60	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Physician and surgeon	^[344]
James Swann	1993	4	4	Found not guilty by reason of insanity and confined to Saint Elizabeths Hospital	Known as the 'Shotgun Stalker'	^[345]
Joseph 'Mad Dog' Taborsky	1950–1957	7	7	Executed 1960	^[346]
Georgia Tann	1924–1950	19	19+	Died of uterine cancer before she could be arrested	Child trafficker who sold kidnapped children to the black market	^[347]
Charles E. Terry	1951–1963	1	4+	Died in prison	Suspected of committing some of the Boston Strangler murders	^[348]
John Floyd Thomas Jr.	1972–1986	7	15+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as the 'Southland Strangler' and the 'Westside Rapist'	^[349]^[350]^[351]
William Paul Thompson	1983–1984	3	6	Executed 1989	^[352]
Marybeth Tinning	1972–1985	2	9	Sentenced to 20 years to life	^[353]
Ottis Toole	1976–1983	6	6+	Died in prison	Accomplice of Henry Lee Lucas	^[354]
Jane Toppan	1895–1901	12	31+	Found not guilty by reason of insanity and committed for life to the Taunton State Hospital	^[355]
Maury Travis	2000–2002	2	17+	Committed suicide awaiting trial	^[356]
Chester Turner	1987–1998	15	16	Sentenced to death	Convicted of murdering ten women and a viable unborn baby in South Los Angeles	^[357]
Andrew Urdiales	1986–1996	8	8	Committed suicide in prison	^[358]
Elizabeth Van Valkenburgh	1833–1845	2	2	Executed 1846	Self-confessed poisoner who killed her alcoholic husbands	^[359]
Darren Deon Vann	2013–2014	7	7+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Indiana murderer who killed seven women; five of which were found in abandoned structures in the city of Gary	^[360]^[361]^[362]
Louise Vermilya	1893–1911	9	9	Charges dismissed
Ralph Jerome Von Braun Selz	1930–1935	1	5	disappeared after parole in 1970	known as 'The Laughing Killer'	^[363]^[364]
Henry Louis Wallace	1990–1994	11	11	Sentenced to death	Known as the 'Taco Bell Strangler'	^[365]
Edward Walton	1896–1908	5	5	Executed 1908	^[366]
Faryion Wardrip	1984–1986	5	5	Sentenced to death	Death sentence currently under appeal	^[367]
Carl Eugene Watts	1974–1982	22	100	Died in prison	Known as the 'Sunday Morning Slasher'	^[368]
Karl F. Werner	1969–1971	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment
Nathaniel White	1991–1992	6	6	Sentenced to 150 years to life in prison	Confessed to beating and stabbing six women to death while on parole	^[369]
Sarah Whiteling	1888	3	3	Executed 1889	Known as the 'Wholesale Poisoner'	^[370]
Christopher Wilder	1984	8	15	Killed by police during apprehension	Also known as the 'Beauty Queen Killer'	^[371]
Scott Williams	1997–2006	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	^[372]
Wayne Williams	1979–1981	2	23	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Has maintained his innocence from the beginning and conviction is considered controversial	^[373]
Shirley Winters	1980–2006	2	7	Sentenced to 8 1/3 to 25 years	^[374]
Martha Wise	1924–1925	3	3	Died in prison	Poisoned 17 members of her own family	^[375]
Cathy Wood	1987	5	6	Incarcerated 20–40 years	Eligible for parole since 2005	^[146]^[147]
Isaac L. Wood	1855	3	3	Executed 1858	Poisoned his wife, brother and sister-in-law for monetary purposes	^[376]
Randall Woodfield	1979–1981	18	44	Sentenced to life imprisonment plus 165 years	Known as the 'I-5 Killer' and the 'I-5 Bandit'	^[377]
Douglas Wright	1969–1991	7	7+	Executed 1996	First criminal executed by lethal injection in Oregon	^[378]
Aileen Wuornos	1989–1990	7	7	Executed 2002	Also known as the 'Damsel of Death'. She shot seven men to death in Florida between 1989 and 1990	^[379]
Robert Lee Yates	1975–1998	13	18+	Sentenced to death, commuted to life imprisonment	^[380]
Robert Zarinsky	1958–1974	2	10	Died in prison	^[381]

Famous Serial Killers And Their Crimes

Unidentified serial killers[edit]

This is a list of unidentified serial killers who committed crimes within the United States.

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Region where active	Notes	Ref
Alphabet murders	1971–1973	3	3	NY	Also known as the 'Double Initial Murders'; murders of three young girls in the Rochester, New York area in the early 1970s; Conv	^[382]
Ann Arbor Hospital Murders	1975	10	10	MI	Poisonings of 10 patients at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in 1975	^[383]
Atlanta Ripper	1911	15	15–21	GA	Mystery murderer(s) of 15 Atlanta women in 1911	^[384]
Axeman of New Orleans	1918–1919	6	6–7	LA	Responsible for the deaths of 6–7 people in New Orleans and the surrounding areas from 1918–1919	^[385]
Boston Strangler	1962–1964	13	13	MA	1960s deaths of 13 women (five young, eight older), mostly with their own stockings as ligature. Albert DeSalvo confessed to the murders, but was never indicted; DNA evidence tested in 2013 suggested his guilt in one of the cases	^[386]
Charlie Chop-off	1972–1974	6	6	NY	Murders of five boys in Manhattan in 1972 and 1973. A mental patient confessed to one slashing death. Four stabbings also involving mutilation remain unsolved	^[387]
Cincinnati Strangler	1965–1966	7	7	OH	Raped and strangled seven mostly elderly women in Cincinnati, Ohio between 1965 and 1966; Cab driver Posteal Laskey, Jr. is commonly believed to be culprit	^[388]
Cleveland Torso Murderer	1934	13	40+	OH	Also known as the 'Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Run'; responsible for 12–13 murders in the Cleveland, Ohio area in the 1930s	^[389]
Colonial Parkway Killer	1986–1989	8	8	VA	Believed to have murdered at least eight people in Virginia between 1986 and 1989; left three couples dead and one couple missing and presumed dead	^[390]^[391]
Connecticut River Valley Killer	1978–1987	7	7+	MA, NH, VT	Stabbed at least six women to death in New England in the 1980s, severely injured one	^[392]
Cumminsville Murders	1904–1910	5	5	OH	Series of brutal murders and mutilations of women in the Cincinnati neighborhood of South Cumminsville	^[393]
Dayton Strangler	1900–1909	6	6	OH	Murdered five women and one man in Dayton, Ohio in the early 20th-century; one man was wrongfully convicted for the murders	^[394]
Daytona Beach killer	2005–2016	4	7+	FL	Murdered four, possibly five, women in Daytona Beach, Florida between 2005 and 2007. Suspect Arrested September 15, 2019 ^[395]	^[396]^[397]
Denver Strangler	1894–1903	3	5	CO	Strangled three prostitutes in Denver in 10 weeks; also thought to be responsible in two more murders	^[398]
The Doodler	1974–1975	14	14	CA	Sketched then stabbed to death 14 gay men in San Francisco, California in the 1970s	^[399]
Eastbound Strangler	2006	4	4	NJ	Murdered 4 women near Atlantic City, New Jersey in 2006.	^[400]^[401]
Edgecombe County Serial Killer	2000s	9	10	NC	Murders of nine women and disappearance of another since 2005 around Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Antwan Pittman has been convicted in one case	^[402]
February 9 Killer	2006–2008	2	2	UT	Suspected serial killer who murdered 2 women on the same date, two years apart	^[403]
Flat-Tire murders	1975	5	5+	FL	Killed 5 women in 1975	^[404]
Frankford Slasher	1985–1990	8	9	PA, NJ	Allegedly responsible for nine murders in the Frankford neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Christopher was convicted of one murder; another murder was committed in same style while he was incarcerated; believed to still be at large	^[405]^[406]
Freeway Phantom	1971–1972	6	7	DC	Raped and strangled six young women and girls in Washington, D.C. in the early 1970s, dumping their bodies by freeways	^[407]
Golden State Killer	1979–1986	12	13+	CA	Also known as the 'East Area Rapist', Golden State Killer' and the 'Original Nightstalker'; murdered 10 people in Southern California from 1979 through 1986; also linked to more than 50 rapes in the Sacramento area from 1976 to 1979. Suspect arrested on April 24, 2018.	^[408]^[409]
Gypsy Hill killings	1976	5	5+	CA	Known as the 'San Mateo slasher'; five unsolved killings, of young women in San Mateo County, California during early 1976; in 2014, the FBI named Rodney Halbower as a person of interest in the Gypsy Hill killings; as of 2018, he has been convicted in two of the murders	^[410]^[411]
Honolulu Strangler	1985–1986	5	5	HI	Raped and strangled five young women in Hawaii in 1985 and 1986	^[412]^[413]
I-45 Killer	1980	0	4+	TX	Strangled four known victims in 1980 and sexually assaulted some. Three of the four women have never been identified.	^[414]
I-70 Killer	1992–1994?	6	8+	IN, MO, KS TX (suspected)	Killed and robbed six store clerks around the Midwestern United States	^[415]
Jeff Davis 8	2005–2009	8	8	LA	The bodies of eight women were found in swamps and canals surrounding Jennings, Louisiana. Originally thought to be a serial killer, but multiple suspects may be involved	^[416]^[417]
Long Island serial killer	1996–2010	10	17	NY	Suspected of killing eight women, a man and a child since 1996 and dumping their bodies along remote beaches in Suffolk and Nassau County, New York. The killer has been referred to as the Gilgo Beach killer because of the location where the first bodies were found	^[418]^[419]^[420]
The Man from the Train	1900–1912	0	40+	USA	Probably one Paul Mueller. Killed whole families in their sleep, from the east coast to the west and many places between, arriving and departing by train. Existence (and probable but not proven identity) discovered over 100 years after the murders, by analysis of contemporary records, showing a markedly common modus operandi for many previously unconnected crimes.	^[421]^[422]^[423]^[424]
Maryvale serial shooter	2015–2016	9	9	AZ	Attacked at night from a car using a handgun, killing seven people and injuring two between August 2015 and July 2016 in Phoenix, Arizona	^[425]^[426]
New Bedford Highway Killer	1988–1989	9	11	MA	Murders of nine women and disappearance of two others between 1988 and 1989	^[427]
Oakland County Child Killer	1976–1977	4	4+	MI	Also known as the 'Babysitter'; responsible for the murders of four or more children in Oakland County, Michigan in 1976 and 1977	^[428]
Ohio Prostitute Killer	1981–2004	7	10	OH	An individual believed to have murdered prostitutes and exotic dancers. His first victim is suspected to be Marcia King, who was identified in 2018.	^[429]^[430]^[431]
Phantom Killer	1946	5	5	TX	Believed to have committed the Texarkana Moonlight Murders in Texas between February 23 and May 4, 1946	^[432]
Redhead murders	1978–1992	8	11	TN, AR, KY, MS, PA, WV	Series of unsolved homicides believed to have been committed by an unidentified serial killer in Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, also known as the 'Bible Belt Strangler.'	^[433]^[434]
Santa Rosa Hitchhiker Murders	1972–1973	7	7+	CA	A series of at least seven unsolved homicides involving female hitchhikers that took place in Sonoma County and Santa Rosa of the North Bay area of California in 1972 and 1973	^[435]
Seminole Heights serial killer	2017	4	4	FL	Shot and killed four people, seemingly at random, in the Seminole Heights neighborhood of Tampa, Florida. On November 28, 2017, police arrested Howell Emanuel Donaldson III in connection with the killings.	^[436]
Servant Girl Annihilator	1884–1885	8	8	TX	Also known as the 'Austin Axe Murderer'; responsible for at least seven murders in Austin, Texas between 1884 and 1885	^[437]
Smiley face murder theory	1990s–2000s	0	40+	USA	Theoretical serial killer(s) thought by some sources to have drowned college-aged young men across the northern part of the country since 1997; most experts suggest that the deaths were accidental	^[438]
Texas Killing Fields	1970s–2000s	1	30+	TX	Since the early 1970s, roughly 30 bodies have been extracted from the fields, mainly consisting of young girls. May have been the work of multiple killers. Convicted murderer Edward Harold Bell, 72 years old in November 2011, claimed in a letter to police in 1998 to have murdered 11 girls in Galveston County. Kevin Edison Smith was sentenced to life imprisonment for one of the murders in 2012.
Tube Sock Killings	1985	4	6	WA	Unsolved murders which occurred in the remote community of Mineral in Washington	^[439]
West Mesa murders	2003–2009	11	11+	NM	Remains of 11 women, who disappeared between 2003 and 2005, found buried in desert in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 2009 and attributed to a bone collector	^[440]
Zodiac Killer	1968–1974	5	37	CA NV (possible)	Targeted young couples. Remains unsolved but open in the California jurisdictions the 5 certain Zodiac murders occurred. Potentially 37 total victims claimed but unverified.	^[441]

References[edit]

^Ronald M. Holmes, Stephen T. Holmes (1998). Contemporary Perspectives on Serial Murder. SAGE Publications. p. 1. ISBN0761914218. Retrieved June 15, 2016. Serial murder is the killing of three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a significant cooling-off period between the murders [...] The baseline number of three victims appears to be most common among those who are the academic authorities in the field. The time frame also appears to be an agreed-upon component of the definition.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ ^a^bBurkhalter Chmelir 2003, p. 1.
^Morton 2005, p. 4, 9.
^https://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-eddieadams/
^Curry, Josh (2016). Killer Photographer: The True Story of Rodney Alcala. CreateSpace. ISBN9781539352259.
^'ALLEN, HOWARD A. # 56'. Indiana Death Row. Prosecuting Attorney Clark County Indiana. July 1, 2006. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
^ ^a^b^c^d^eNewton, Michael (2006). The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers (2nd ed.). Checkmark Books. ISBN978-0-8160-6196-9.
^John Monk (November 16, 2009). 'Death sentence upheld for Mafia wannabe'. The State.
^'Nurse gets 50 years to life'. Times Daily. January 25, 1990. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
^'William Archerd: a serial matrimonialist killer'. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PMC2254464.
^'Crack addict confesses he killed women'. Kingman Daily Miner / AP. August 30, 1992. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Hall, Michael (July 1, 2002). 'Two Barmaids, Five Alligators, and the Butcher of Elmendorf'. Texas Monthly. Texas. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
^'Danny Barber–Death Penalty Information Center'. www.deathpenaltyinfo.org.
^'Velma Margie Barfield #29'. Office of the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
^'Adolph James Rode a.k.a Cesar Barone : Life event'(PDF). Retrieved April 11, 2018.
^Natasha Albert; Erin Allen; Sherri Armistead; Josh Bradley. 'Herb Baumeister 'The I-70 Strangler''(PDF). Department of Psychology, Radford University.
^ ^a^bFlowers, R. Barre (2013). Killers of the Lonely Hearts: The Tale of Serial Killers Raymond Fernandez & Martha Beck. ASINB00E6VETEM.
^Rosewood, Jack (2015). Robert Berdella: The True Story of the Kansas City Butcher. London: CreateSpace. ISBN978-1-517-25635-7.
^Abrahamsen, David (1985). Confessions of Son of Sam. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN0-231-05760-1.
^Schwarz, Ted. The Hillside Strangler, Quill Driver Books. 2004. ISBN1-884956-37-8
^ ^a^bNewton, Michael (1990). 'Hunting Humans: An Encyclopedia of Modern Serial Killers'. Murderpedia. Breakout Productions. ISBN978-1559500265. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
^Hickey, Eric W. (2009). Serial Murderers and their Victims, 5th Edition. Wadsworth. p. 191. ISBN978-4-95600814-3.
^'Bishop Found Guilty Of Murdering 5 Boys'. Sarasota Herald-Tribune. March 20, 1984. p. 8-A. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^ ^a^bFurio, Jennifer (2001). Team Killers: A Comparative Study of Collaborative Criminals. Algora Publishing. ISBN1892941635.
^Frank Eltman. 'Man Is Convicted of 1990s Murders of 2 Prostitutes'. NBC New York.
^'Blair Sentenced To Life Without Parole'. KMBC.com. April 24, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a^b^c^dhttps://prezi.com/av305z2oziif/the-philadelphia-poison-ring/
^Rosewood, Jack (2015). William Bonin: The True Story of the Freeway Killer. CreateSpace. ISBN978-1-5196-3119-0.
^Article about trial of Laster and murder of Lara
^Greenville County Clerk of Courts records
^'SUSPECT IN GAY SLAYINGS CALLED VOLATILE 'WILD CARD''. The Washington Post. June 25, 1994. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^O'Neill, Ann (July 26, 2006). 'Face to face with an alleged serial killer'. CNN Justice. CNN. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
^'Oppose the execution of William Bradford'. July 1998 Newsletter. Amnesty International Group 22. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
^Deadly Obsession, CBS News, May 25, 2006
^Gross, Daniel J.; Lafleur, Elizabeth; Cavallaro, Gabe (October 5, 2018). 'Greenville cold case solved: Jenny Zitricki killed by serial killer Robert Brashers in 1990, police say'. Greenville News. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
^'Rampage: The Briley brothers terrorized Richmond area'. richmond.com. Richmond Times-Dispatch. May 30, 2009. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^ ^a^bWilkinson, Howard (April 24, 2002). 'Alton Coleman finally faces justice'. Cincinnati Enquirer. Gannett. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Dave Herrera (2007). Robert Charles Browne is a Killer Con Man, Westworld.com, accessed June 26, 2017
^'Jerome Brudos'. A&E Television Networksm. April 27, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^'Family of Tina Harmon, abducted and killed in 1981, wants police to reopen the case - Massillon, OH - The Independent'. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
^Anderson, Chris; Sharon McGehee (1992). Bodies of Evidence: The Shocking True Story of America's Most Chilling Serial Murderess... From Crime Scene to Courtroom to Electric Chair. St. Martin's True Crime. ISBN0-312-92806-8.
^'Man confessed in 5 slayings killed in crash'.
^Greig, Charlotte (2005). Evil Serial Killers: In the Minds of Monsters. New York: Barnes & Noble. p. 42. ISBN0760775664.
^Dekle, George R. Sr. (2011). The Last Murder: The Investigation, Prosecution, and Execution of Ted Bundy (Hardcover ed.). Santa Barbara: Praeger (Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC). ISBN978-0-313-39743-1.
^Profile, Department of Psychology, Radford University. Archived March 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^'Believe Maniac Murderer of Six'. Sioux County Pioneer. July 2, 1915.
^Henderson (2008), 'Rescuing African Americans', p. 328
^Wolfe, Linda (1998). Love Me to Death: A Journalist's Memoir of the Hunt for Her Friend's Killer. ISBN978 1-4976-3744-3.
^The Want-Ad Killer: Harvey Carignan, by Ann Rule
^Schechter, Harold. The Serial Killer Files: The Who, What, Where, How, and Why of the World's Most Terrifying Murderers. Ballantine Books. ISBN978-0-345-46566-5.
^'Execution of Carr at St Clairsville, for the Murder of Louisa Fox'. The Wheeling Daily Register. March 25, 1870.
^ ^a^b^cLane, Brian; Wilfred Gregg. The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Berkley Books. ISBN0-425-15213-8.
^Emsley, John (January 1, 2008). Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Cases. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN9780854049653.
^Bovsun, Mara (January 2, 2010). 'Just crazy for blood: Richard Trenton Chase, a.k.a. the Vampire of Sacramento'. New York Daily News. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
^Manson, Joe, The Daily Nexus, June 4, 1980, p. 1.
^Hardy, Dave, Santa Barbara News-Press, June 18, 1980, p. B-1.
^Profile of Joseph Christopher, Radford/FGCU Serial Killer Database; accessed December 9, 2014.
^Greig, Charlotte (2005). Evil Serial Killers: In the Minds of Monsters. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN0760775664.
^Van Olsen, Cora (November 20, 2012). 'Serial Killer Spotlight: Hadden Clark'. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
^'A Mania For Poison'. The Memphis Daily Appeal. June 21, 1885.Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^'CRIME: Buttermilk Bluebeard'. Time. May 6, 1946. ISSN0040-781X. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
^Wride, Nancy (April 26, 1992). 'Condemned and Waiting : Cynthia Coffman Came West for a New Life; Now She Faces 2nd Death Sentence'. Los Angeles Times.
^Greig, Charlotte (2005). Evil Serial Killers: In the Minds of Monsters. New York: Barnes & Noble. p. 189. ISBN0760775664.
^'Miami Man Confesses In 6 Prostitute Slayings'. Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel. June 27, 1995. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ ^a^bSeewer, John (2000). '2 admit 9 Toledo slayings in '80s' Associated Press, April 7, 2000
^ ^a^b^c^d''Zebra' cult killings rite?'. Boca Raton News. UPI. May 2, 1974. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ ^a^bGreig, Charlotte (2005). Evil Serial Killers: In the Minds of Monsters. New York: Barnes & Noble. pp. 64–65. ISBN0760775664.
^ ^a^bBovsun, Mara (March 25, 2008). 'The case of the vanishing vagrants'. The New York Daily News. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
^ ^a^bMiller, Tom (1993). The Copeland Killings. New York: Pinnacle Books. pp. 1–304. ISBN1558176756.
^ ^a^bGranger, Shawn (2007). Family Bones Volume 1. La Verne, CA: King Tractor Press. pp. 1–176. ISBN0978748603.
^ ^a^bGranger, Shawn (2010). Family Bones Volume 2. La Verne, CA: King Tractor Press. pp. 1–170. ISBN0978748611.
^ ^a^bOlsen, Jack (1974). The Man with the Candy: The Story of the Houston Mass Murders. Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-0-7432-1283-0.
^Cray, Ed (1973). Burden of Proof: The Case of Juan Corona. Macmillan. ISBN0-02-528770-2.
^Kidder, Tracy (1974). The Road to Yuba City: A Journey into the Juan Corona Murders. Doubleday. ISBN0-385-02865-2.
^http://www.fdp.dk/uk/exec/exe-9804.htm
^Coleman, Jack. 'Today in Cape history: Tony Costa arraigned in Truro murders”^{[permanent dead link]}. Cape Cod Confidential. CapeCodToday.com June 12, 2008.
^Keppel, Robert D.; William J. Birnes (2008). Serial Violence: Analysis of Modus Operandi and Signature Characteristics of Killers. CRC Press. pp. 65–96. ISBN978-1-4200-6632-6.
^'Richard Francis Cottingham: 'The Torso Killer''(PDF). Department of Psychology, Radford University. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Lin, Jennifer (March 4, 2006). 'Murderer of three given triple life terms Juan Covington, his lawyer said, was driven to shoot his five victims by a conviction that 'he had a mission to exterminate the devil.''. philly.com. The Inquirer. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^DUBOIS, STEVEN (February 23, 2013). 'Oregon trucker who killed women now free in McMinnville'. newsregister.com. News-Register Publishing. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^Walberg, Matthew; Daarel Burnette II; Stacy St. Clair (December 20, 2009). 'Serial killer Andre Crawford spared death penalty'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Mark Gado. 'An Immoral Woman'. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
^'Killer nurse gets 11 life sentences'. CNN. March 10, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
^'FBI — Serial Killers, Part 6: Andrew Cunanan Murders a Fashion Icon'. FBI. Archived from the original on July 2, 2016.
^Davis, Don (1991). The Jeffrey Dahmer Story: An American Nightmare. Macmillan. ISBN978-0-312-92840-7.
^Sun, Lena H.; O'Neill, Tex (July 9, 1984). 'A Trail of Murder, Rape, Kidnaping'. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
^'Sam Dieteman, Serial Shooter, is Spared Death Sentence by Jury; Will Spend Rest of Life in Prison'. Phoenix New Times. July 29, 2009. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^Kohn, David (February 11, 2009). 'A Sniper's Mind'. CBSNEWS.com. CBS News. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
^Carol M. Ostrom, Jack Broom, Westley Dodd: A Long, Steady Slide Into Dark Desperation, The Seattle Times (January 3, 1993), Retrieved on November 10, 2007
^'From a meek 'nobody' to a serial killer?'. seattletimes.com/. June 12, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^Wilson, Colin. The Mammoth Book of True Crime. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998. ISBN0-7867-0536-1
^Christy, Gutowski (January 7, 2007). 'Inside the FBI Files of Brian Dugan'. Daily Herald. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
^Boone, Rebecca (August 28, 2008). 'Duncan sentenced to death'. The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^'Idaho killer Duncan pleads guilty to 1997 Calif. murder'. Seattle: KOMO-TV. March 15, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
^Ferguson, George, Emily Downing, Kaylor Eutsler, & David Disque. Paul Durousseau: The Jacksonville Serial Killer. Radford University Dept of Psychology.
^https://billingsgazette.com/news/local/investigator-questions-murderer-s-story-eaton-is-a-person-of/article_9e6ba82a-d879-598c-a121-33e7948b10b4.html
^'Edward Wayne Edwards: A timeline of his life'. Madison.com. June 9, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
^'Edward Edwards, convicted killer of 5, dies of natural causes in Ohio prison'. Wisconsin State Journal. April 8, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
^'Long Dead Killer Back in Sights of Police'. LA Times. March 17, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
^Kistler, Robert. 'Police Say Man May Have Slain 6 Youths.' Los Angeles Times, March 7, 1970
^Vielmetti, Bruce (February 24, 2011). 'Ellis gets life - 7 times over'. JSOnline. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
^Jones, J. Harry (September 22, 2003). 'Death penalty focus of Erskine case: Trial begins today in '93 killing of 2 boys'. Union Tribune.
^Jones, J. Harry (August 29, 2004). 'The hunt for Scott Erskine The long and costly trail leading to Erskine's conviction in slayings'. Union Tribune.
^Staff writer (September 19, 1993). 'Former Isle resident Evans gets death sentence in Miss'. Galveston Daily News. Galveston, TX. AP. Retrieved December 12, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^http://maamodt.asp.radford.edu/Psyc%20405/serial%20killers/Evans,%20Gary%20-%20fall,%202005.pdf
^Hall, Jim, and Kari Pugh (June 14, 2004). 'The making of a murderer'. Fredricksburg Free Lance-Star. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013.
^John O'Brien, 'THE EYLER LEGACY: 21 DEATHS MURDERER ADMITTED GRISLY 2-STATE SPREE', Chicago Tribune (pre-1997 Fulltext), March 9, 1994, retrieved on May 30, 2010
^Mara Bovsun: The casual horror behind Christine Falling, the Florida baby-sitter from hell, article from November 17, 2012 on nydailynews.com, accessed on April 15, 2016
^Miller, Cole. 'Was Springfield man Neal Falls a serial killer?'. koin.com.
^Trevor Marriott, Jack the Ripper: The 21st Century Investigation, cited work, pages. 312-315.
^Murder Cases of the Twentieth Century - Biographies and Bibliographies of 280 Convicted or Accused Killers; David K. Frasier — McFarland & Company (Publisher), Copyright September 1996; ISBN0-7864-3031-1
^Petro, Pamela (2002). Sitting Up With the Dead: A Storied Journey Through the American South. New York, New York: Arcade Books. p. 205. ISBN1-55970-612-0.
^Cruz, Mike (June 28, 2006). 'Ford guilty on all counts'. The Sun. Archived from the original on October 24, 2006.
^Cruz, Mike (August 10, 2006). 'Jury: Death for Ford'. Inland Valley Daily Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 12, 2006.
^'Bobby Jack Fowler: One murder solved as difficult 'Highway of Tears' investigations go on | Canada | News | National Post'. News.nationalpost.com. September 21, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
^'Bobby Jack Fowler, suspect in death of Newport teen girls, may have killed 20 or more people'. The Oregonian. October 29, 2012.
^Rosen, Fred (July 1, 2015). Body Dump: Kendall Francois, the Poughkeepsie Serial Killer. Open Road Media. ISBN9781504022644.
^Ayton, Mel (2011). Dark Soul of the South: The Life and Crimes of Racist Killer Joseph Paul Franklin. Potomac Press, Inc.
^'Man Found Guilty For All 10 'Grim Sleeper' Killings Of Women'. The Huffington Post. May 5, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
^Linedecker, Clifford L. (1980). The Man Who Killed Boys: A True Story of Mass Murder in a Chicago Suburb (First ed.). St. Martin's Press. ISBN0-312-51157-4. OCLC5564916.
^Sullivan, Terry; Maiken, Peter T. (2000). Killer Clown: The John Wayne Gacy Murders (Paperback ed.). Pinnacle. ISBN0-7860-1422-9. OCLC156783287.
^Biondi, Ray; Hecox, Walter (1988). All his father's sins : inside the Gerald Gallego sex-slave murders. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub. & Communications. ISBN978-0914629344.
^Pelisek, Christine (November 25, 2010). 'The Chiller Killer – Michael Gargiulo, Accused of Killing Ashton Kutcher's Girlfriend and Other L.A. Beauties, Got Close as the Helpful Air-Conditioning Repairman'. LA Weekly. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
^Noe, Denise. 'Carlton Gary: The Columbus, Georgia Stocking Strangler'. Crime Library. truTV. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
^Donald H. Gaskins; Wilton Earle (1992). Final Truth : The Autobiography of a Serial Killer. ISBN978-0-9632422-0-4.
^ ^a^b^c^dSchneck, Robert Damon (2014). 'Ku Klux Klowns: Grim Rippers'. Mrs. Wakeman vs. the Anti-Christ: And Other Strange-but-true Tales From American History (E-Book ed.). [S.l.]: Penguin Books. ISBN978-1585429448.
^ ^a^b^cRamsland, Katherine. (2005) The Human Predator: A Historical Chronicle of Serial Murder and Forensic Investigation, Berkley Books, ISBN978-0-425-20765-9 p. 220.
^Schechter, Harold (1989). Deviant: The Shocking True Story of Ed Gein, The Original Psycho. Gallery Books. ISBN978-0671644826.
^Stasio, Marilyn (October 26, 2017). 'Stranger Than Fiction: The Best True-Crime Stories'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
^Mills, Steve; Wilson, Terry; Osnos, Evan. 'STATE SAYS IT CONVICTED THE WRONG SERIAL KILLER'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
^Luciano, Phil. 'Luciano: Does Journal Star caller have insight to possible serial killer?'. Journal Star.
^Norman, Abby (April 15, 2016). 'Why Did Janie Lou Gibbs Murder Her Entire Family?'. medium.com. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^'Negro Ready To Hang Confesses To Ten Murders'. South Bend News-Times. July 24, 1920.Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^Nicholson, Rebecca (February 2, 2018). 'Death Row 2018 with Trevor McDonald review – clear-eyed detachment from the veteran journalist'. the Guardian. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
^Murphy, Kay (2008). Tainted Legacy: The Story of Alleged Serial Killer Bertha Gifford. PublishAmerica. ISBN1-60563-803-X.
^Phleps, M. William (2003). Perfect Poison. Pinnacle Books. ISBN0-7860-1550-0.
^'Whatever Went Wrong With Amy?'. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^'Judge: Gillis Jury Can See Confession Letters'. WAFB. WAFB Channel 9 Baton Rouge. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
^'Baton Rouge Serial Killer Sean Vincent Gillis Finally Goes to Trial'. Investigation Discovery: Bizarre Crimes. July 22, 2008. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
^Hollingsworth, Heather (March 17, 2007). 'Kansas City man guilty of murdering six women'. LJWorld. Associated Press. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
^Louwagie, Pam (December 22, 2015). 'Billy Glaze, convicted in 1980s Mpls. serial killings, has died'. Star Tribune. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
^Louwagie, Pam (June 3, 2014). 'Citing new DNA in decades-old murders, lawyers ask for new trial'. Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
^Park, Sunju, Fong, Cho, Zhang, Gritz, Milan, Herzlich, Gore, Ashley, Chuck, Alan G., Hyung, Cheng, David C., Gibran, Alexandra A., Patrick, Morganti, Roy S. 'David Alan Gore 'The Killing Cousins''(PDF). maamodt. Department of Psychology Radford University. Retrieved February 20, 2015.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^'Take a Chilling Look Inside the Baseline Killer Case'. Phoenix New Times. November 10, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ ^a^bservices, From Times wire (October 11, 1989). 'Nation : Lesbian Sentenced in Murders'. Los Angeles Times. ISSN0458-3035. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ ^a^bTimes, Ap, Special To The New York (December 6, 1988). '2 HELD IN DEATHS AT NURSING HOME'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^Heine, Kurt (1988). 'Marty' Graham Guilty of 7 Murders, Philly.com, April 27, 1988; accessed March 27, 2016
^Jackman, Jay. '23 Felony Count Indictments Against Suspected Serial Killer'. WMFD. Archived from the original on October 26, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
^'Crowd in court applauds death sentence for Shawn Grate'. Mansfield News Journal. June 1, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
^Majidi, Afarin (September 14, 2015). 'Dana Sue Gray, the Shopaholic Who Murdered Old Women to Finance Her Shopping Sprees | First to Know'. firsttoknow.com. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
^'HARD TIME'.
^Barrett, Barbara (July 28, 2008). 'Bush approves execution of soldier, first in 50 years'. McClatchy. Archived from the original on August 13, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
^In the Matter of Ricky Lee Green, Petitioner
^Troy Taylor. 'AMERICA'S FIRST 'PUBLIC ENEMY' The Life & Crimes of Samuel Green'. prairieghosts.com. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
^Newton, Michael (1990). Hunting Humans: An Encyclopedia of Modern Serial Killers. Loompanics Unlimited. ISBN9781559500265.
^Celebrated criminal cases of America
^'A Murderous Maniac – The Many Crimes Charged Against Lizzie Halliday, A mania Like Jack The Ripper' Frederick News, Maryland, U.S. 11 September 1893
^Martin, Reagan (July 9, 2013). Hunted on Ice: The Search for Alaskan Serial Killer Robert Hansen. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 116. ISBN978-1490959061.
^Musgrave, Jon. 'Frontier serial killers: The Harpes,' American Weekend - The Daily Register, Harrisburg, IL, October 23, 1998.
^Holmes, Ronald, & Holmes, Stephen. (2009). Serial Murder 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Inc.
^Keen, Amber; Lewis, George; Stone, Kara; Lucas, Andrew (2005). 'Charles Ray Hatcher'(PDF). Radford University Department of Psychology. Archived from the original(PDF) on March 4, 2016.
^Kiefer, Michael (March 13, 2009). 'Hausner found guilty on 6 of 8 murder charges'. azcentral.com. The Arizona Republic.
^Goodsell, Edward H., (1896), 'Harry Hayward: Life, crimes, dying confession and execution of the celebrated Minneapolis criminal,', Calhoun Publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota.
^Olsen, Gregg (1997). Starvation Heights : The True Story of an American Doctor and the Murder of a British Heiress. Warner Books. ISBN0-446-60341-4.
^'William Heirens, known as the 'Lipstick Killer,' dead'. Chicago Tribune. March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
^Young, Jason (Summer 2001). 'Kentucky Cannibal in Cariboo: A Story of the Killer, Boone Helm'. The Gold Rush Trail Journal. British Columbia, Canada: Ron Young. 2 (1): 9, 12, 14, 16. ISBN0-7627-3624-0.
^Hough, Emerson (1905). 'OLD WEST LEGENDS: Boone Helm - Murderer, Cannibal & Thief'.
^'To appeal Henley's conviction'. The Journal. Meriden, CT: Associated Press. July 17, 1974. p. 18.
^'Horrible Tragedy at Salt Lake City'. The Record-Union. May 24, 1896.Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^Writer, Linda Hughes-Kirchubel Record Staff. 'Jury finds Herzog guilty'. recordnet.com. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
^McLaughlin, Vance. The Postcard Killer: The True Story of America's First Profiled Serial Killer and How the Police Brought Him Down, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York, 2006.
^McDonald, Robin (June 14, 1983). 'Order widens in Hilley probe'. The Anniston Star. United States.
^Borowski, John (November 2005). Estrada, Dimas (ed.). The Strange Case of Dr. H. H. Holmes. West Hollywood, California, U.S.: Waterfront Productions. ISBN0-9759185-1-6.
^Geary, Rick (2003). The Beast of Chicago: An Account of the Life and Crimes of Herman W. Mudgett, Known to the World as H. H. Holmes. New York City, New York, U.S.: NBM Publishing. ISBN1-56163-365-8.
^'Serial killer says he hopes his 'slow, painful death in prison' will comfort families'. CBS News. November 17, 2017.
^'7th victim named in Connecticut serial killer case'. CBS News. June 9, 2015.
^Bearak, Barry (May 22, 1994), 'COLUMN ONE : A Mother Who Lost Five Babies : One after another, Waneta Hoyt's children died. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome was blamed. Years later, Hoyt said she killed them--then recanted. Now, she faces murder trial amid a swirl of questions', Los Angeles Times
^'Serial killer: Michael Hughes'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
^Davis, Rich (April 9, 2008). 'Notorious killer Leslie Irvin gripped Tri-State in fear in mid-1950s'. courierpress.com. Evansville Courier & Press. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
^Kreuger, Peggy; Kendra Justice & Amy Hunt (March 2006). 'Keith Hunter Jesperson: Happy Face Killer' (PDF). Radford University Department of Psychology. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
^http://www.johnlivereatingjohnston.com
^Douglas, John E.; Burgess, Allen G.; Ressler, Robert K. (2006). 'Case Study 122.01: Spontaneous Domestic Homicide'. Crime Classification Manual: A Standard System for Investigating and Classifying Violent Crimes. Wiley. ISBN978-0-7879-8501-1.
^Tina A. Brown (February 14, 2004). 'Johnson Found Guilty of 3 Murders'. Hartford Courant.
^Kershaw, Sarah. (2000). 'Connected in Friendship, and in Shared Addictions'^{[permanent dead link]}. The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^Bever, Lindsey (May 26, 2017). ''Angel of Death' nurse charged with killing another baby, suspected in up to 60 other deaths'. The Washington Post.
^Hauser, Christine (June 23, 2017). 'Texas Nurse Suspected of Killing Up to 60 Children Is Charged With Murder'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
^King, Wayne (February 6, 1984). 'Five Given Injections Quit Breathing, Doctor Says In Nurse's Trial'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
^'Former Nurse Indicted in Texas Child Injury Case'. The New York Times. November 22, 1983. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
^'Confessed to Killing 13'. Keowee Courier. June 30, 1915.
^Pettit, Mark (1990). A Need to Kill. Ballantine Books. ISBN978-0-8041-0785-3.
^Jennifer Valdes (June 5, 2003). 'CONVICTED KILLER GETS FOUR LIFE TERMS'. Sun-Sentinel.
^Schriber, Flora (1984). Th Shoemaker. New York, NY: Nal Penguin INC.
^'Suspect said confessed to more 'trash-bag' killings'. Times Daily (UPI). Florence, Alabama. January 5, 1978. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
^'Justice Overtakes the Kellys'. The Sun. January 3, 1888.
^Cheney, Margaret (1976). The Co-ed Killer. ISBN0-8027-0514-6.
^Branden Cobb (August 13, 2013). 'Israel Keyes Update: Alaska serial killer linked to at least 11 deaths, FBI says'. CBS News. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
^Henderson, Bruce. Trace Evidence: The Hunt for the I-5 Serial Killer. ISBN0989467511.
^SANDELL, Clayton (July 10, 2009). 'FBI Informant Charged With Four Murders'. abc News. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^'Sante Kimes'. biography.com. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
^Hays, James C. (1997). 'I'm just an Ordinary Girl': The Sharon Kinne Story. Leathers Publishing. ISBN1890622109.
^Offender Details
^'Police: Anthony Kirkland suspect in several murders - FOX19.com-Cincinnati News, Weather & Sports'. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^'Juice Ended Career'. Daily Capital Journal. August 19, 1904.
^Carter, Mike (November 12, 1993). 'Woman accused of killing children arrest in Utah'. Moscow-Pullman Daily News. p. 7A.
^'Couple charged with murder in deaths of boarders'. SOUTH BEND (AP): kitsapsun.com. Associated Press (AP). August 14, 2003. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
^Sandy Fawkes, Killing Time, 1977, Taplinger Publishing Co, London
^Sandy Fawkes, Natural Born Killer: In Love and on the Road with a Serial Killer, 2004, John Blake Publishing, London
^Ortiz, Erik (May 26, 2017). 'South Carolina 'Serial Killer' Todd Kohlhepp Pleads Guilty in 7 Murders'. NBC News. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
^'Todd Kohlhepp pleads guilty to murdering 7 over 13 years'. CNN. May 26, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
^Ramsland, Katherine. (2005) The Human Predator: A Historical Chronicle of Serial Murder and Forensic Investigation, Berkley Books, ISBN978-0-425-20765-9 p. 220.
^McDougal, Dennis (1992) [1991]. Angel of Darkness: The True Story of Randy Kraft and the Most Heinous Murder Spree of the Century. Warner Books. ISBN978-0-7088-5342-9..
^'Serial killer gets 13 life terms'. United Press International. April 5, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.^{[permanent dead link]}
^Bruno, Anthony (1993). The Iceman: The True Story of a Cold-Blooded Killer. New York, New York: Delacorte.
^Lara Bricker. 'Insanity defense: LaBarre pleads not guilty in 2 murders'. SeacoastOnline.com. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
^Lasseter, Don (2000). Die For Me: The Terrifying True Story of the Charles Ng & Leonard Lake Torture Murders. Pinnacle Books. ISBN978-0-7860-1926-7.
^ ^a^bAlan., Fox, James (2005). Extreme killing : understanding serial and mass murder. Levin, Jack, 1941-. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. ISBN0761988572. OCLC56672341.
^ ^a^bInnes, Brian (2006). Serial killers. London: Quercus. ISBN1905204361. OCLC99802859.
^ ^a^bNewton, Michael (2006). The encyclopedia of serial killers (2nd ed.). New York: Facts On File. ISBN0816061955. OCLC57641508.
^ ^a^b'Serial Killer Leonard Lake was Arrested (June 2, 1985) Crime Magazine'. www.crimemagazine.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
^Cosner Love, Victoria; Shannon, Lorelei (2011). Mad Madame Lalaurie. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN978-1609491994.
^Luciew, John (March 1, 2011). 'Family's capture of serial killer Adam Leroy Lane chronicled in book'. pennlive.com. PA Media Group. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^'Trucker gets life term for attacks on 2 Pa. women'. sandiegouniontribune.com. Associated Press. June 28, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^'Trucker tells how he killed woman in Bloomsbury'. nj.com. New Jersey On-Line LLC. October 5, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^'Officials confirm convicted serial killer Derrick Todd Lee has died'. wafb.com. Raycom Media. January 21, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^ ^a^b'Serial Killer Brothers Gary and Thaddeus Lewingdon A Timeline of Victims of the .22 Caliber Killers'.
^'Two Licking County brothers have been arrested as suspects in the so-called .22-caliber killings. Monday, December 11, 1978 - Page 7'.
^'Two Licking County brothers have been arrested as suspects in the so-called .22-caliber killings. Monday, December 11, 1978 - Page 7'.
^'L.A. serial killer gets 3 life terms, screams, 'I didn't do it!'. September 25, 2014'.
^'Girl Slayer Pays Extreme Penalty'. The Topeka State Journal. March 11, 1920.
^Hickey, Eric W. (1991). Serial Murderers and Their Victims. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. pp. 135–136. ISBN0-534-15414-X.
^Daily Globe article; Chronicling America: St. Paul, Minnesota; October 17, 1878, Image 2, column 7
^Karlin, Adam. 'Henry Lee Lucas: The Confession Killer'. The Lineup. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
^'East Cleveland serial killer Michael Madison convicted on 13 counts: 'He will never do this again''. cleveland.com. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
^Davies, Tom (September 26, 2017). 'Nurse serving 360 years in prison for killing 6 people at Indiana hospital dies'. chicagotribune.com. Associated Press. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^Malvo Found Guilty in Washington Sniper CaseArchived August 13, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
^Rule, Ann (1993). 'Rehabilitation of a Monster'. A Rose for Her Grave and Other True Cases. Simon and Schuster. ISBN978-0671793531.
^Gibbons, Bill R. (2003). Martin: Profile of the Gaffney Strangler. ASINB000M14WCY.
^Holland, Jr., Jim (1981). A reporter remembers the Gaffney strangler. ASINB0006Y90O2. OCLC9753173.
^Martin, Tommy E. (1994). 'I will kill again-- ': The Gaffney strangler story. Cherokee Chronicle. ASINB0006QBD54.
^Paddock, Richard C. (August 22, 1993). 'Crime and Punishment : If David Mason Keeps Tuesday's Date With the Gas Chamber, a Life of Torment and Violence Will Have Come Full Circle'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
^Wagner, Mark and Mary R. McCorvie, 'Going to See the Varmint: Piracy in Myth and Reality on the Ohio River, 1785–1830', In X Marks The Spot: The Archaeology of Piracy, edited by Russell K. Skowronek and Charles R. Ewen, pp. 219–247. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.
^[1]WTVR
^Robinson, Ruthann (November 1, 2005). 'Maust's troubled childhood led to murders, experts say'. nwi.com.
^Yates, Jon; Sadovi, Carlos (December 15, 2003). 'Diary uncovers rage, guilt'. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
^'Texas Attorney General'. Oag.state.tx.us. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
^Lavergne, Gary M. (1999). Bad Boy from Rosebud. University of North Texas Press. ISBN9781574410723.
^Bob Stewart (1996). No Remorse. Kensington Publishing Corporation. ISBN978-0-7860-0231-3.
^Locke, Michelle (July 12, 1986). 'URGENT Convict Known As 'Animal' Captured Without A Shot Fired'. AP NEWS. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
^'David Meirhofer'. billingsgazette.com. May 18, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^Turvey, Brent E (2002). Criminal profiling: an introduction to behavioral evidence analysis. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press. ISBN0127050418.
^'Moore Believed To Have Outclassed Bluebeard Or Mrs. Guinnes As Murderer'. The Santa Fe New Mexican. May 8, 1913.
^Clarke, Chris (April 14, 2005). 'Stephen Morin: How I unwittingly helped a serial killer'. The Guardian. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
^Dontae Morris sentenced to death for 2010 murders of Tampa officers
^McFadden, Robert D (April 4, 2016), 'Winston Moseley, 81, Killer of Kitty Genovese, Dies in Prison', The New York Times.
^Potter, Dena (November 11, 2009). 'Silent DC sniper mastermind Muhammad executed'. Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
^Vernetta Watts; Virginia Douglas; Doreen DeWitt; Erin Walker; Kelly Thompson; Adam VanZandbergen; John Stacy; Benjie Soberano. 'Herbert Mullin'. Department of Psychology, Radford University. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^'Wayne Nance'. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
^'Serial Killer Wayne Nance and the Case of 'The Montana Jane Doe's''. March 6, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
^Klien, Gary (November 22, 2013). 'Marin judge sentences Joseph Naso to death row for murders of six women'. San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
^'Twisted Alabama couple kidnap, rape and kill teenager Lisa Ann Milliken and Janice Chatman in sick 1982 crime spree'. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Schechter, Harold (2004). Bestial: The Savage Trail of a True American Monster. Simon and Schuster. ISBN9780743483353.
^Editors, Biography.com. 'Charles Ng Biography'. biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
^Glatt, John (2000). Cradle of Death: The Chilling Story of a Mother, Multiple Murder, and SIDS. Macmillan. ISBN9781429997058.
^Flacco, Anthony; Jerry Clark (November 2009). The Road Out of Hell: Sanford Clark and the True Story of the Wineville Murders. Union Square Press. ISBN978-1-4027-6869-9.
^Lydia Polgreen (May 22, 2003). 'Many Children, Many Moves, and a Grisly Find - New York Times'. Sullivan County (Ny); Potterville (Pa); Kauneonga Lake (Ny); Stafford (Ariz): Nytimes.com. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
^Lesser, Henry. 'Panzram Papers'(PDF). Special Collections & University Archives, Carl Panzram Papers, 1928–1980, Box 1, Folder 3: Typescript of Panzram Manuscript: Part I, Section 1, c. 1928–1930: San Diego State University. p. 11. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
^'Former Sweetwater Cop Executed'. December 11, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
^Cekola, Anna; H. G. Reza (August 20, 1996). 'O.C. Grand Jury Heard Parker Admit 6 Killings'. Los Angeles Times.
^Renner, Joan Renner. 'The Life and Lies of L.A. Man Killer Louise Peete'. lamag.com. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^Thompson, William (March 15, 1992). 'Delaware killer gets last wish -- death'. Baltimore Sun.
^Jerry Shnay (June 6, 1992). 'Judge Orders Death For Shotgun Killer'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
^'Confession of Piper the Murderer'. The Washington Standard. May 13, 1876.
^'The story of Jesse Pomeroy, 14-year-old serial killer'. CBS Interactive Inc. March 13, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^Jarvis, Benjamin. Harry Powers: Bluebeard of Quiet Dell West Virginia State Archives Collection December 12, 1931. Web. September 27, 2011.
^'Teen-ager charged in three homicides and 1987 slaying'. Spokane Chronicle. Spokane, Washington. September 18, 1989. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
^Davis, Joseph A. (1998). '11: Profiling the Clairemont Serial Murder Case, A Collaborative Investigative Effort'. In Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (eds.). Contemporary Perspectives on Serial Murder. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. pp. 149–172. ISBN0-7619-1420-X. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
^'Wicked witness got federal protection to turn into 'mad-dog killer''. Daily News. October 1, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^'Is A Bluebeard'. Topeka State Journal. October 13, 1902.
^Wood, William P. (2004). The Bone Garden: the Sacramento Boardinghouse Murders. New York: IBooks. ISBN0-7434-8693-5.
^'Geocites: Terri Rachals'. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
^Douglas, John E. (2007). Inside the Mind of BTK: The True Story Behind Thirty Years of Hunting for the Wichita Serial Killer. Jossey Bass Wiley. ISBN978-0-7879-8484-7.
^Carlo, Philip (1996). The Night Stalker: The Life and Crimes of Richard Ramirez (Paperback ed.). New York, New York: Kensington Publishing Corp. ISBN978-0-786-00379-2.
^Connor, Tracy (January 26, 2017). 'Drifter Bob Evans Eyed as Serial Killer, Tied to N.H. Murders'. NBC News. NBC. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
^'David Parker Ray (profile)'(PDF). Radford University.
^Press, From Associated (February 4, 1996). 'Texan Who 'Lost' Three Wives Guilty of Murder'. Los Angeles Times. ISSN0458-3035. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
^Judith A. Yates (2014). When Nashville Bled: The Untold Stories of Serial Killer Paul Dennis Reid. Createspace Independent Pub. ISBN1502773376.
^'Angel Maturino Resendiz: The Railroad Killer — Terror Near the Tracks — Crime Library'. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
^Busch, Alva (1995). Roadside Prey. Pinnacle. ISBN978-0786002214.
^Life and Confession of Stephen Dee Richards, the Murderer of Nine Persons, Executed at Minden, Nebraska, April 28, 1879. Lincoln, Nebraska: State Journal Co. 1879.
^Rule, Ann. Green River, Running Red. Pocket Books. p. 704. ISBN0-7434-6050-2.
^'Joel Rifkin'. A&E Television Networksm. October 21, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^Lohr, David (November 16, 2016). 'Suspected Serial Killer Unmasked After Chance Police Encounter'. The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 17, 2016.Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^'Huge Ghoulish Slayer Is Hanged For Murder: Colored Man Grins As Noose Is Put Over Head-Mississippi Troops Guard Prisoner'. Associated Press. March 5, 1935.
^'Allentown serial killer's death penalty verdict upheld'. December 31, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
^DAVID MCCLINTICK. 'SERIAL KILLER J. R. ROBINSON'S SINISTER ALTER EGO'. Vanity Fair. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^'A Modern Borgia on Trial'. Morning Journal and Courier. December 13, 1887.
^'Papeer Gets Confession Letter From Dead Ex-BYU Student'. Deseret News. May 19, 1992.
^'Dayton Leroy Rogers, Oregon's most prolific serial killer, appealing death sentence'. The Oregonian. Associated Press. January 13, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
^Linedecker, Clifford (1997). Smooth Operator: The True Story of Seductive Serial Killer Glen Rogers. St. Martin's. ISBN0-312-96400-5.
^'Text of Rolling's confession to Shreveport murders'. NBCNews.com. October 27, 2006. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
^'From Ivy Leaguer To Serial Killer'. Hartford Courant. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
^'Convicted killer, former football player, says he's sorry for slaying'. Associated Press. March 6, 1999.
^Profile of RulloffArchived February 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^The Life and Death of Edward H. Rulloff
^Goldenberg, Suzanne (April 18, 2008). 'Elderly women face jail over insurance killings'. The Guardian.
^Nurse's bleach injection deaths trial begins
^The suspect in 3 murders and 8 rapes blended in
^Bike Path Killer Altemio Sanchez arrested five years agoArchived December 23, 2013, at Archive.today, WGRZ, Buffalo, NY, January 17, 2012, Brown, S., Retrieved December 23, 2013.
^Sanchez indictment expected in Diver case: Alleged Bike Path Killer tied by DNA to 3rd victim, Buffalo News, Buffalo, NY: Berkshire Hathaway, March 2, 2007, Gryta, M., Retrieved December 22, 2013.
^'Will Be Sent to Asylum'. Waterbury Evening Democrat. June 8, 1908.
^Bovsun, Mara (March 19, 2017). 'Gerard Schaefer Jr.'s horrifying 'Killer Fiction' stories could have been filed on memoir shelf'. New York Daily News.
^Life Magazine .pp.19-24; 88-84; 87-90
^'Murder Plant Is Uncovered'. The Daily Gate City and Constitution-Democrat. April 23, 1918.
^Richardson, Lynda (June 22, 1996). 'Suspect Is Charged in 4 Zodiac Cases in Queens'. New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
^of., Criminal Justice, Department (March 2, 2000). 'Texas Department of Criminal Justice'. www.tdcj.state.tx.us. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
^*Dawkins, Vickie L. and Higgins, Nina Downey. Devil Child. Paperback ed. New York: St. Martins Press, 1989. ISBN0-312-91533-0
^'memim.com'. memim.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
^'Death row inmate claims to know where missing Oklahoma girls are buried.' Morning Sun, The (Pittsburg, KS) May 15, 2002, regional. NewsBank. Web. October 6, 2015.
^'Upstate New York Serial Killer Dies'. AP. October 11, 2008. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
^Staff (January 11, 1873). 'The Derby Poisoner. – Confession of Mrs. Lydia Sherman, the Murderer of Three Husbands and Four Children'(PDF). Hartford Courant (via The New York Times). Retrieved August 4, 2015.Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^''Speed Freak Killers' Update: Search for victims' remains reaches bottom of Calif. well'. CBS News.
^http://rare.us/local/houston/after-killing-a-number-of-victims-including-two-teenagers-and-a-9-year-old-the-houston-area-tourniquet-killer-is-set-to-die-in-three-months/
^Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas (December 12, 2007). 'ANTHONY ALLEN SHORE, Appellant v. THE STATE OF TEXAS (NO. AP-75,049)'. LexisNexis. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
^McQuiston, John T. (January 5, 2000). 'An Inmate On Death Row Pleads Guilty In More Killings'. New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
^Newton, Michael. Hunting Humans: An Encyclopedia of Modern Serial Killers.
^Malnic, Eric; Jack Jones (March 28, 1987). 'Murderer in Alabama Confesses 2 L.A. Killings'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
^'Death on the rails'. The Guardian. March 26, 1999. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
^Associated Press (March 21, 1998). 'Murderer to plead guilty to killings in two states'. Register-Guard. Eugene, OR. p. 3B. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
^'Texan suspected of masterminding coin shop slayings'. UPI. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
^Denis Foley (October 1, 2003). Lemuel Smith and the Compulsion to Kill: The Forensic Story of a Multiple Personality Serial Killer. New Lietrim House Publishing, LLC.ISBN0-9722383-0-1
^'California Handyman Charged in 6 Murders'. The New York Times. Associated Press (via). April 26, 1987.
^Anderson, William C. (1994). Lady Bluebeard:The True Story of Love and Marriage, Death and Flypaper. Fred Pruett Books. ASINB00795BVIO.
^'Anthony Sowell guilty of killing 11 women found at Imperial Avenue home, attacking three others'. Advance Ohio. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Marshall, Natalie (2016). Southside Strangler: The True Story of Timothy Spencer Wilson. CreateSpace. ISBN9781523916313.
^'Man Pleads Guilty To Mutilation Slayings'. The Seattle Times. April 13, 1996. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^Grimes, Jeanne (June 20, 2013). 'Deadly summer of 78'. The Purcell Register. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015.
^Flowers, Anna (1993). Blind Fury. Pinnacle Books. ISBN978-1558177192.
^Finz, Stacy (December 13, 2002). 'Yosemite killer sentenced to death / Terrible details of Stayner case stun even the judge'. sfgate.com. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Finz, Stacy (December 15, 2002). 'The case of a lifetime / For Cary Stayner, there was something about Jeff Rinek that put him at ease—and made him want to talk'. sfgate.com. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^Knapcik, Kristina M. (December 20, 1997). ''Weepy-voiced Killer' confesses to 1981 death of Pepin woman'. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 10, 2013.^{[dead link]}
^Shah, Allie (June 12, 1998). 'Obituary:'Weepy-voiced killer' Paul Stephani, 53, dies in prison'. Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
^Keers, Christine; St. Pierre, Dennis (1996). The Riverside Killer. Pinnacle. ISBN978-0786003457.
^Stewart, James B. (1999). Blind Eye: How the Medical Establishment Let a Doctor Get Away With Murder. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN0-684-85484-8.
^Duggan, Paul (September 27, 1994). 'Shotgun stalker ruled insane, not guilty'. washingtonpost.com.
^'Joseph Taborsky and the 'Mad Dog Killings''. connecticuthistory.org. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^Southern Hollows Routine Papers: Meet America's Notorious Baby Thief, Georgia Tann
^Amy Calder (October 17, 2015). 'Documentary probes whether Waterville native Charles Terry was a serial killer'. Morning Sentinel.
^Bone, James (April 30, 2009). 'DNA reveals John Floyd Thomas as LA's most prolific serial killer'. The Times. London. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
^Blankstein, Andrew (September 24, 2009). 'Prosecutors link John Floyd Thomas to five more slayings'. latimes. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
^Kim, Victoria; Andrew Blankstein; Jack Leonard (April 2, 2011). 'Serial killer John Floyd Thomas Jr., dubbed the Westside Rapist, is sentenced to life'. Los Angeles Times.
^'Murderer Is Executed In Nevada'. New York Times. June 20, 1989.
^'Murdering mother faces more charges'. The Courier. July 19, 1987. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^'The Twisted Life of Serial Killer Ottis Elwood Toole'. Fox News. December 16, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
^Potts, Michael. 'Jane Toppan: A Greed, Power, and Lust Serial Killer'. Academia. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
^'Serial killer's home movies'. ABC Primetime. ABC News. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
^Spano, John (May 1, 2007). 'L.A. man guilty in 11 deaths'. Los Angeles Times.
^'Convicted SoCal killers Andrew Urdiales, Virendra Govin found dead in San Quentin'. ABC7 Los Angeles. November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
^Jones, Ann (1996). Women Who Kill. Beacon Press. ISBN978-0-8070-6775-8.
^Botelho, Greg; Harlow, Poppy (October 21, 2014). 'Police: Abandoned homes searched after man admits to 7 killings'. CNN. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
^Botelho, Greg (October 23, 2014). 'Who is Indiana serial killer suspect Darren Deon Vann?'. cnn.com. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
^Holmes, Evelyn (May 25, 2018). 'Serial killer Darren Vann sentenced to life in prison for killing 7 women'. abc7chicago.com. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
^Nash, Jay Robert, The Encyclopedia of World Crime, cited in Colin Wilson, The Murder Casebook, p. 201
^Nash, Jay Robert (1984). Jay Robert Nash's Crime Chronology: A Worldwide Record 1900–1983. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 106–107. ISBN9781461747710. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
^Lapeyre, Jason. 'The Serial Killer the Cops Ignored: The Henry Louis Wallace Murders'. Crime Magazine. Retrieved May 19, 2012. Full content available only to subscribers.
^'Fiend Hangs By The Neck: Frank Johnson Pays The Penalty on the Gallows at State Prison'. Clarksburg Telegram. July 23, 1908.
^'Burden of Proof'The Dallas Observer
^Walter, Kristy; Christopher White. 'Carl Eugene Watts'(PDF). Radford University Psychology Department. Archived from the original(PDF) on June 16, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
^William Glaberson (August 5, 1992). 'Parolee Charged with the Killing of 6 in New York'. The New York Times.
^'A Woman Executed'. The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer. June 26, 1889.
^''Beauty Queen Killer' and race car driver Christopher Bernard Wilder takes a bloody ride through the states, kidnapping, raping and murdering 8 women in short 1984 span'. NYDailyNews.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
^Torralba, Mike (July 19, 2008), 'Union Man Gets Life in Three Killings, Mutilations', charlotteobserver.com, retrieved May 5, 2012
^Child murder victims' families question Wayne Williams guilt (May 2, 2015). WXIA archive^{[permanent dead link]}, retrieved December 10, 2015.
^''Shirley Winters pleads guilty' www.syracuse.com Dowty, Douglass April 22, 2008'. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
^'Unwanted Woman Back to Jail Where She Has Spent 37 years'. St. Joseph Gazette. UPI. February 3, 1962. p. 11. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
^'Execution of Isaac L. Wood, for Murder of Brother's Wife'. New York Herald. July 13, 1858.
^Anne Rule (1984). The I-5 Killer. USA: Penguin Group. ISBN0-451-16559-4.
^'Crime Victims United of Oregon Repeat offenders'.
^'Aileen Carol Wuornos'. The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
^'Serial killer Yates sentenced to death'. Seattle Times. October 3, 2002. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
^'Robert Zarinsky: Why he's 1 of N.J.'s most notorious killers'. nj.com. February 16, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^Craig, Gary (March 1, 2009). ''Double initial' murders remain mystery after 35 years'. Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester: Gannett. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
^Silberman, Eve (November 2016). 'VA Murders Revisited'. Ann Arbor Observer. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Observer. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
^Fennessy, Steve (October 26, 2005). 'Atlanta's Jack the Ripper'. CL Atlanta: Creative Loafing. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^Davis, Miriam C. (2017). The Axeman of New Orleans. Chicago Review Press Incorporated. ISBN978-1-61374-871-8.
^'Authorities: DNA test of remains confirms link between Boston Strangler suspect, last victim', Washington Post, Washington Post, 2013, retrieved July 19, 2013
^Ramsland, Katherine. 'The Mysterious Charlie Chop-off'. TruTV Crime Library. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008.
^Raver, Diane (October 3, 2014). 'Author investigates Cincinnati Strangler'. batesvilleheraldtribune.com. The Herald-Tribune. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
^Badal, James Jessen (2001). In the wake of the butcher Cleveland's torso murders. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN9781612772769.
^Jon Burkett (May 17, 2010). 'New Investigator Looking into the Colonial Parkway Murders'. Archived from the original on May 20, 2010.
^'New details published in Colonial Parkway murders'. wktr.com. August 10, 2010. Archived from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
^'New England Unsolved: The Valley Killer, part 1'. Blogspot. August 30, 2008. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010.
^'Seek One Woman-Slayer for Five Mystery Murders'. The Tacoma Times. November 8, 1910.
^'Hideous Girl Murders in Dayton, O; Resemble London's Famous Whitechapel Crimes of Years Ago'. The Tacoma Times. February 15, 1909.
^Knowles, Hannah (September 16, 2019). 'He's suspected in four women's deaths — and 'would have killed again,' sheriff says'. Washington Post. Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
^Waddell, Lynn (January 10, 2008). 'A Serial Killer On the Loose?'. Newsweek via The Daily Beast. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^Michels, Scott (January 9, 2008). 'Is Serial Killer Stalking Daytona's Women?'. Cuomo on the Case. ABC News. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^'A Strangler In Denver'. The Sun. November 14, 1894.
^Green, Elon (December 11, 2014). 'The Untold Story of the Doodler Murders'. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
^Combs, Brian (February 6, 2011). 'Victims of the Eastbound Strangler'. Serial Killers Podcast. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
^'Authorities Search Home of Ex-Motel Worker During Probe of 4 Dead Atlantic City Prostitutes'. Associated Press. April 3, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^'Rocky Mount police chief suspects serial killer in deaths'.
^'Police Task Force still searching for elusive February 9th Killer'Fox13Now, February 6, 2010 Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^Michael Newton (2009). The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes. Infobase Publishing. p. 121. ISBN978-1-4381-1914-4. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
^Ramsland, Katherine. 'Frankford Slasher'. truTV Crime Library.
^Swierczynski, Duane (August 25–31, 2005). 'Under the El'. Philadelphia citypaper. Philadelphia City Paper. Archived from the original on March 29, 2006.
^Wilber, Del Quentin (June 26, 2006). ''Freeway Phantom' Slayings Haunt Police, Families'. The Washington Post.
^https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-us-canada-43915187
^Crompton, Larry (2010). Sudden Terror: The True Story of California's Most Infamous Sexual Predator. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. ISBN978-1-4520-5242-7.
^'FBI launches task force for 'Gypsy Hill Murders''. Washington Times. March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
^'Jury finds alleged 'Gypsy Hill Killer' guilty of killing two teens in 1976'. abc7news. September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
^Sugimoto, Minna. 'Serial Killer Case Still a Mystery'. KHNL. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^Daias, Gary; Dingeman, Robbie (2003). '7: Honolulu's Serial Killings'. Honolulu Homicide. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bess Press. pp. 63–79. ISBN1-57306-156-5.
^White, Grace (February 27, 2017). 'Could 4 women's murders on the N. Freeway be connected?'. KHOU. Tegna. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
^Penner, Diana. 'Indiana Unsolved: I-70 Killings Left 6 Victims in 3 States'. Indianapolis Star.
^Robertson, Campbell. '8 Deaths in a Small Town, and Much Unease'. New York Times.
^Brown, Ethan. 'Who Killed the Jeff Davis 8?'. Medium.^{[self-published source]}
^Gallucci, Jaclyn (October 21, 2010). 'Lost Girls: When Women Go Missing, Some Matter, Prostitutes Don't'. Long Island Press. Archived from the original on August 9, 2012.
^Gallucci, Jaclyn (July 12, 2012). 'Girls Disappearing: Behind the Headlines of The Long Island Serial Killer Case'. Long Island Press. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012.
^Hannaford, Alex (November 18, 2011). 'Who will catch the Long Island Serial Killer?'. GQ Magazine.
^Nathaniel Rich (June 2, 2011). 'Crunch the Numbers; Solve a Famous Murder'. New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
^Thomas McClung (2017). 'The Man from the Train: The Solving of a Century-Old Serial Killer Mystery'. New York Journal of Books. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
^'The Man from the Train: The Solving of a Century-Old Serial Killer Mystery − Kirkus Review'. Kirkus. 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
^Elizabeth Cook (October 15, 2017). 'The Man from the Train: New book says serial ax murderer killed Lyerly family'. Salisbury [North Carolina] Post. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
^'Phoenix police: 7 dead in 8 attacks by 'serial street shooter''. CBS News. Associated Press. July 13, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
^Billeaud, Jacques (August 3, 2016). 'Police Tie 9th Attack to Phoenix's Serial Killer Case'. ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
^Smith, Carlton (1994). Killing Season: the Unsolved Case of New England's Deadliest Serial Killer. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN0451405463.
^McIntyre, Tommy (1988). Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: The Search for a Child Killer. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN0-8143-1966-1. OCLC17731672.
^'The Stargazer killer'. everything2.com.
^'Prostitute Serial Killer'. unsolved.com. Unsolved Mysteries. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
^'Investigators of 10 Killings to Meet'. The Pittsburgh Press. March 15, 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
^Newton, Michael (2013). The Texarkana Moonlight Murders: The Unsolved Case of the 1946 Phantom Killer. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN978-0-7864-7325-0.
^Breslow, Josh (January 24, 2013). 'The Redhead Murders'. 18 News. NBC. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
^Robinson, Grant (June 26, 2018). 'Potential daughter of redheaded Jane Doe visits town where body was found'. 10 News NBC. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
^Riley, Mike (2016). Serial Killer X: True Stories of Serial Killers Who Have Never Been Identified. Las Vegas, NV: Maica International LLC. ISBN9780692648025.
^Levenson, Eric. 'What we know about Tampa's alleged serial killer'. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
^Galloway, Skip J.R. (2010). The Servant Girl Murders: Austin, Texas 1885. ISBN1-60910-123-5.
^'Detectives: 40 Drowning Victims May Have Been Murdered by 'Smiley Face Gang'. Fox News. April 29, 2008.
^The Associated Press (April 11, 2014). 'Skull discovery revives Washington murder mystery'. The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
^'Who Is the West Mesa Bone Collector?'.
^Haugen, Brenda (2011). The Zodiac Killer: Terror and Mystery. Mankato, MN: Compass Point Books. ISBN9780756543570.

Bibliography[edit]

Burkhalter Chmelir, Sandra (2003). 'Serial Killers'. In Robert Kastenbaum (ed.). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. 2. New York: Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson/Gale. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
Morton, RJ (2005). 'Serial murder multi-disciplinary perspectives for investigators'(PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved July 16, 2011.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Hollandsworth, Skip (2015). The Midnight Assassin (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt. p. 81. ISBN978-0-8050-9767-2.
Lane, Brian; Gregg, Wilfred (1995) [1992]. The Encyclopedia Of Serial Killers. New York City: Berkley Book. ISBN0-425-15213-8.

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_serial_killers_in_the_United_States&oldid=918154142'

From the widow who became known as “Lady Bluebeard” and the man who inspired Psycho to the British doctor who killed in the hundreds and the handsome slaughterer whose charm proved lethal, get the facts on some of history’s most infamous serial killers.

1. Harold Shipman: “Dr. Death” who killed 218 patients

One of history’s deadliest serial killers was a married family man who managed to squeeze in 218 credited murders (and as many as 250) while working as a popular British physician. Harold Shipman began his murderous spree in 1972, and it’s believed he killed at least 71 patients while working at his first practice, and double that number at a second practice he joined after butting heads with colleagues who found him arrogant, brusque and overconfident.

Finally, in 1998, both a local undertaker and another doctor noticed the unusually high number of cremation certificates Shipman had signed off on. They also noticed striking similarities in the recently-deceased patients themselves; the majority were elderly women who were found sitting up and fully clothed, not in bed as would usually be the case with the gravely ill. Despite these clues, this initial investigation was shoddily handled, allowing Shipman to kill three more times.

Shipman’s luck ran out later that year, when the daughter of his final victim, lawyer Kathleen Grundy, claimed he’d not only killed her mother, but had also tried to create a new, fake will, naming him as her sole beneficiary. Unlike his earlier victims, Grundy had not been cremated, and an autopsy revealed lethally high levels of diamorphine (the drug Shipman used for most of the killings). He was formally charged with 15 murders, and was convicted and sentenced to life without parole in 2000. Shipman died in 2004, after committing suicide in his cell. He never admitted to any of the killings.

Thanks for watching!

2. Belle Gunness: She married to kill

The woman who became known as the “Lady Bluebeard” immigrated to America from Norway in 1881, settling in Chicago where she married a fellow Norwegian immigrant. The couple had four children (two of whom died young) and ran a candy store. By 1900 the store had mysteriously burned down, and Genness’ husband was dead. Although both happened under suspicious circumstances, Genness was able to collect multiple insurance policy payouts allowing her to purchase a farm in La Porte, Indiana.

She quickly remarried, and just eight months later her second husband died. Gunness claimed that he’d received a fatal burn from scalding water and had been hit on the head by a heavy meat grinder. While an inquest was held, no proof of foul play could be produced, leading to another hefty insurance payout. She then began placing newspaper advertisements in search of a third husband, with the requirement that potential suitors had visit to her Indiana farm. Several prospective suitors made the trek, only to disappear forever–just one made it out alive, after reportedly waking up to see a sinister-looking Gunness standing over him.

Nobody knows for certain just how many people Belle Gunness murdered, but it seems she herself met a grisly end. In February 1908, a fire devastated the farm. Amongst the wreckage were the bodies of Gunness’ remaining children and the decapitated corpse of a woman. Although officials identified the remains as Gunness’, doubt quickly spread, as the body was much smaller than the tall, heavyset Belle. The search for her missing head (which never turned up) led to the gruesome discovery of almost a dozen bodies, including the missing suitors and several children. Ray Lamphere, a former farmhand that she had fired a few years earlier and later claimed was threatening her life, was arrested and tried for the crimes, but was only convicted of arson. Belle’s true fate remains unknown, although unverified “sightings” continued for decades after her death.

3. Ed Gein: The inspiration behind Psycho

The man whose macabre and horrific acts helped inspire Psycho, Silence of the Lambs and The Texas Chain Saw Massacre grew up in an isolated area of Wisconsin. He was an abused child of an alcoholic father and a puritanical and domineering mother who instilled in her son a pathological fear of both women and sex. When his father, brother and mother died within a 5-year period, he was left alone at the family farm, where he eventually cordoned off parts of the house turning it into a shrine, of sorts, to his mother.

Thirteen years later, local police arrived at the farm, following up on a tip regarding missing hardware store owner Bernice Worden. They discovered Worden’s headless corpse hanging upside down from the rafters. Their search of the property revealed a hall of horrors that included human body parts turned into household items such as chairs and bowls, faces used as wall hangings and a vest made up of a human torso. Many of these gruesome items were from already-dead bodies that Gein had stolen from their graves, but he had murdered one other woman in addition to Worden. He claimed that he was using the body parts to assemble a new version of his beloved mother. Gein was diagnosed with schizophrenia and declared unfit for trial. A decade later, he was convicted of one of the murders, but was declared insane at the time of the crime. He spent the rest of his life in a mental hospital.

4. John Wayne Gacy: He performed as a clown at children’s parties

To most of his suburban Chicago neighbors, John Wayne Gacy was a friendly man who threw popular block parties, volunteered in local Democratic politics and often performed as a clown at local children’s parties. But Gacy, who had already served a stint in prison for sexually assaulting a teenaged boy, was hiding a horrific secret right beneath his neighbors’ unseeing eyes.

In 1978, when a 15-year-old boy who had last been seen with Gacy (whose construction business the teenager was hoping to work for) went missing, police obtained a search warrant for Gacy’s house. There they found a class ring and clothing belonging to several young men previously reported missing. In a 4-foot crawl space beneath the house, where a penetrating odor was present, they were shocked to find the decomposing bodies of 29 boys and teenagers that Gacy had raped and murdered. Gacy’s ex-wife had complained about the odor for years, but Gacy had chalked it up to moisture-causing mildew. Law enforcement also came under criticism, as the family members of several of the victims had previously pointed to Gacy as a possible suspect. In addition to the bodies found at his house, Gacy admitted to killing several additional men, disposing of their bodies in a nearby lake. His attempts at presenting an insanity defense failed, and he was convicted on 33 counts of murder and executed by lethal injection in 1994.

5. Jeffrey Dahmer: He committed his first murder at 18

Jeffrey Dahmer committed his first murder in 1978, when he was just 18. He would go on killing until his arrest in 1991, after an African American man escaped his clutches and hailed down police near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. When the victim led police back to his captor’s apartment, they discovered photographs of dismembered bodies, the severed heads and genitalia of several other men and a tub full of acid that Dahmer had used to dispose of some of his 17 victims.

Dahmer had lived a shiftless life, dropping out of college and the Army and living with various family members before being kicked out by his grandmother and settling in the Milwaukee apartment. Three years before his 1991 arrest—and with several murders already under his belt—Dahmer was convicted of drugging and sexually molesting a young teenager. But he was released after serving only a year, continuing his killing binge, which focused almost entirely on young, non-white men.

Dahmer’s sensational trial, featuring lurid descriptions of his eating the body parts of some of his victims and admissions of necrophilia, renewed the world’s interest in serial killers. In 1992, Dahmer was sentenced to 957 years in jail, but was killed by a fellow inmate just two years later.

6. Ted Bundy: The first televised murder trial

Handsome, well-educated and brimming with charm, Ted Bundy seemed the unlikeliest of serial killers. Which made his decade-long, multi-state killing spree all the more surprising—and to some, appealing. Born to an unwed, teenaged mother, Bundy never learned his father’s identity and was raised believing that his grandmother was actually his mother (and his mother actually his sister).

Following a difficult adolescence, Bundy graduated from the University of Washington—and soon embarked on his murderous spree, killing his first victim in Seattle in 1966. Focusing primarily on attractive college co-eds, Bundy committed a series of murders across the Pacific Northwest. He continued on to Utah and Colorado, killing several more women before being arrested. Despite being convicted of kidnapping, he managed to escape police custody not once, but twice, while awaiting trial in Colorado. He moved to Florida, where he killed several members of a sorority and his final victim, a 12-year-old girl who he raped and murdered.

Famous Serial Killer From Kansas

When Bundy was finally apprehended while driving a stolen car a week after his last murder, his trial quickly became a media sensation. It was the first murder trial to be fully televised, and featured Bundy front-and-center acting as one of his own defense attorneys. He became a media star, welcoming journalists to his cell, receiving letters of admiration from lovelorn fans (and even marrying one of them) and providing an endless list of clues about additional murders he may have committed, in the hopes of delaying his execution. It didn’t work; he was executed in the electric chair in 1989, with the true number of his victims unknown.

7. Jack the Ripper: There are over 100 possible suspects

In 1888, London’s Whitechapel district was gripped by reports of a vicious serial killer stalking the city streets. The unidentified madman lured prostitutes into darkened squares and side streets before slitting their throats and sadistically mutilating their bodies with a carving knife. That summer and fall, five victims were found butchered in the downtrodden East End district, sparking a media frenzy and citywide manhunt. A number of letters were allegedly sent by the killer to the London Metropolitan Police Service (also known as Scotland Yard), taunting officers about his gruesome activities and speculating on murders to come.

Without modern forensic techniques, Victorian police were at a loss in investigating the Ripper’s heinous crimes. After taking his final victim in November, the killer seemed to disappear like a ghost. The case was finally closed in 1892, but Jack the Ripper has remained an enduring source of fascination. The most popular theories suggest that the killer’s understanding of anatomy and vivisection meant he was possibly a butcher or a surgeon. Over 100 possible suspects have been proposed.

8. H.H. Holmes: A pharmacist who built a “murder castle”

H.H. Holmes spent his early career as an insurance scammer before moving to Illinois in advance of the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair to work as a pharmacist. It was there that Holmes built what he referred to as his murder “castle”—a three-story inn that he secretly turned into a macabre torture chamber. Some rooms were equipped with hidden peepholes, gas lines, trap doors and soundproofed padding, while others featured secret passages, ladders and hallways that led to dead ends. There was also a greased chute that led to the basement, where Holmes had installed a surgical table, a furnace and even a medieval rack.

Both before and during the World’s Fair, Holmes led many victims—mostly young women—to his lair only to asphyxiate them with poisoned gas and take them to his basement for horrific experiments. He then either disposed of the bodies in his furnace or skinned them and sold the skeletons to medical schools.

At the same time, Holmes worked insurance scams—collecting money from life insurance companies. Holmes was finally caught one of his co-conspirators tipped off the police when Holmes failed to deliver his pay-out. Holmes was eventually convicted of the murders of four people, but he confessed to at least 27 more killings before being hanged in 1896.